Synthesis and luminescence characteristics of Eu3+-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles

Polyol synthesis and characterizations of cubic ZrO2:Eu3+ nanocrystals

“…This value is less than that of reported tetragonal phase. The reported E/M value is 1.46 for tetragonal [15]. Therefore, the symmetry of Eu 3+ site in the present analyzing sample is higher than tetragonal phase.…”

“…The asymmetry ratio of structurally sensitive electric dipole transition, 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 and magnetic dipole transition, 5 D 0 → 7 F 1 (E/M) strongly depends on the local symmetry of the Eu 3+ [12,15]. And a higher symmetry of the crystal field around Eu 3+ will results in a lower E/M value [12].…”

“…It is reported that most of the XRD peaks of the tetragonal and cubic phase of zirconia are overlapped and it is very difficult to distinguish between the two from XRD patterns [12,[14][15][16][17]. Meanwhile, reports have been found that the crystal lattice tends to transform into a structure with higher symmetry, cubic phase, as the crystallite size decreases [15,19]. Therefore, to observe the crystallite sizes, Scherrer equation: t = (0.9 )/(ˇ cos Â) is employed; where 0.9 is shape factor, is the X-ray wavelength, is line broadening at half the maximum intensity in radians, and  is the Bragg angle.…”

“…higher symmetry as the crystallite size decreases [14][15][16][17][18][19]. As a result, it is an important task to synthesize the crystallite size as small as possible.…”

“…As a result, it is an important task to synthesize the crystallite size as small as possible. The synthesis of small crystallite size is achieved by polyol route and it is reported in this work.The assignment of tetragonal and cubic phase solely from the XRD can be misleading [12,[14][15][16][17]. Because, these two phases have similar XRD patterns.…”