Synthesis and Manufacturing ofN‐VinylPyrrolidone andN‐VinylCaprolactam

Abstract

Vinyl pyrrolidone, and to a somewhat lesser extent vinyl caprolactam, is a key component of an incredibly diverse group of chemistries and commercial applications. The production of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl caprolactam was largely dependent upon acetylene production. This chapter discusses the key technical concepts, parameters, and processes, from acetylene, or butane, through to vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl caprolactam. The production of acetylene from calcium carbide can be accomplished via two general processes: the “wet process” and the “dry process.” Understanding the inherent thermodynamic behavior of acetylene is critical to appreciating the general production parameters. Acetylene thermodynamic data demonstrates that the free energy of acetylene decreases with increasing temperature. Once the acetylene gas is produced, it often requires purification for further optimal synthetic transformations. Acetylene is a very dangerous gas. Proper storage and handling are essential for the safety of plant personnel.