Synthesis and membrane permeability of PNA-peptide conjugates

Improved Large‐Scale Liquid‐Phase Synthesis and High‐Temperature NMR Characterization of Short ­(F‐)PNAs

“…Furthermore, PNA/DNA chimeras [48] [49], PNApeptide conjugates [50] [51], and PNA conjugates to high-molecular weight PEG [52] or polyethyleneimine [53] were developed. Typically, these methods involve the introduction of additional reaction sites and/or stereogenic centers inducing preferred helical orientations [42].…”

Lipid binding activities of flax rust AvrM and AvrL567 effectors

“…10,11 Through deletion studies it was shown that uptake of these proteins is mediated by small regions of each protein, less than 30 amino acids in size, known as cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). These sequences can also mediate uptake of attached cargoes, including low molecular weight drugs, 12 proteins, 13 nucleic acids 14 and peptides. 15 CPPs have diverse sequences and structures and studies on their uptake show that internalization can occur by different mechanisms-possibly even simultaneously-including clathrindependent endocytosis, 16 lipid raft-mediated macropinocytosis, 17 clathrin-and caveolin-independent endocytosis 18 and direct membrane penetration.…”

Telomerase inhibition by peptide nucleic acids reverses `immortality' of transformed human cells

“…The PNA inhibitors used in these studies are both potent and selective. Methods have recently been described that allow spontaneous uptake of PNAs into mammalian cells (Simmons et al, 1997;Pooga et al, 1998), and permit targeting to intracellular mRNA species (Pooga et al, 1998), suggesting that PNAs may themselves be useful lead compounds for therapy. In addition, 2'-O-meRNA oligonucleotides, a type of oligomer already being used in clinical trials, have also been shown to be eective in vitro inhibitors of strand elongation by telomerase (Pitts and Corey, 1998).…”