Synthesis and optimization of ethyl esters from fish oil waste for biodiesel production

Biodiesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum-Ceiba pentandra oil mixture: Optimization and characterization

“…Miraculas et al (2018) used multivariate design of experiments to optimize the oil-to-methanol ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature of the transesterification process to maximize the biodiesel yield produced from a mixture of three non-edible oils: Calophyllum inophyllum, Jatropha curcas, and Pongamia pinnata oils. They obtained a biodiesel yield of 98% for the following optimum process conditions: (1) oil-to-methanol ratio: 2.5% (v/v), (2) catalyst concentration: 1.17% (w/v), (3) reaction time: 95 min, and (4) reaction temperature: 53 C. Cardoso et al (2019) used RSM based on the central composite design (CCD) to optimize the parameters of alkaline-catalyzed transesterification (ethanol-to-oil molar ratio, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature) to maximize the biodiesel yield produced from fish waste oil. Dhawane et al (2018) used the Taguchi method (L 9 orthogonal array) to optimize the oil-to-methanol molar ratio, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time of the esterification process to maximize the free fatty acid conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel.…”

Potential of Green Diesel To Complement the Brazilian Energy Production: A Review

“…Tilapia production was 400 280 thousand tons, an increase of 11.9% over 2017. 44 In addition, Brazil has a large coast extension (8400 km) and plenty of water availability, 45 allowing for more annual increases in fish production.…”

“…79 According to ABRA, 13 000 thousand tons of fish oil were produced in Brazil in 2018. 36 Oils and fats from residual sources present, in general, high free fatty acids and moisture contents, 45 which cause problems for the conventional process of transesterification or make the processed product more expensive as a result of pretreatments. The hydrotreatment process can be an alternative for the use of these materials for energy purposes.…”

Impact of biodiesel production on wastewater generation

“…The growing demand for energy associated with depleting fossil fuel reserves and the pollution problems arising from the use of this nonrenewable resource, notably the emission of greenhouse gases, are aspects that encourage interest in the use of alternative energy sources, such as biodiesel (MANAF et al, 2019). In all cases, the most commonly used biodiesel production process is transesterification with the use of a homogeneous basic catalyst (e.g., sodium and potassium hydroxides), as this allows a high conversion of fatty acid esters (biodiesel) to be achieved in a relatively short period (CARDOSO et al, 2019).…”