Synthesis and Optimization of MoS₂@Fe₃O₄‐ICG/Pt(IV) Nanoflowers for MR/IR/PA Bioimaging and Combined PTT/PDT/Chemotherapy Triggered by 808 nm Laser

Abstract

Elaborately designed biocompatible nanoplatforms simultaneously achieving multimodal bioimaging and therapeutic functions are highly desirable for modern biomedical applications. Herein, uniform MoS2 nanoflowers with a broad size range of 80–180 nm have been synthesized through a facile, controllable, and scalable hydrothermal method. The strong absorbance of MoS2 nanoflowers at 808 nm imparts them with high efficiency and stability of photothermal conversion. Then a novel multifunctional composite of MoS2@Fe3O4‐ICG/Pt(IV) (labeled as Mo@Fe‐ICG/Pt) is designed by covalently grafting Fe3O4 nanoparticles with polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalized MoS2, and then loading indocyanine green molecules (ICG, photosensitizers) and platinum (IV) prodrugs (labeled as Pt(IV) prodrugs) on the surface of MoS2@Fe3O4. The resulting Mo@Fe‐ICG/Pt nanocomposites can achieve excellent magnetic resonance/infrared thermal/photoacoustic trimodal biomaging as well as remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy of combined photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and chemotherapy triggered by a single 808 nm NIR laser, thus leading to an ideal nanoplatform for cancer diagnosis and treatment in future.

A Multifunctional Biodegradable Nanocomposite for Cancer Theranostics

“…However, the previously reported platforms lack a gatekeeper, which leads to problems with the premature release of PFP. The HMONs used in this work show a high loading of ICG (46.1%, w/w), which is significantly higher than previously reported ICG carriers such as MoS 2 (5.1%), [48] liposomes (7.41%), [49] CuS@SiO 2 (12.3%), [50] and mesoporous silica (6.68%). In situ gas generation has been reported to act as a deep-penetrating drug delivery system for improved chemotherapy, [47] and the prodrug-capping strategy employed in this work also has potential for codelivery of other drugs or biomacromolecules (such as DNA, enzymes, and proteins).…”

Advanced Near‐Infrared Light‐Responsive Nanomaterials as Therapeutic Platforms for Cancer Therapy

“…[234] In this nanocomplex, iron oxide enabled T2 MRI imaging capability, while ICG acted as PS. [234] In this nanocomplex, iron oxide enabled T2 MRI imaging capability, while ICG acted as PS.…”

“…78 5 Reached 51°C - [211] [191] MoS 2 ChitosanDOX PTT/DDS 2 mg kg −1 808 0.9 7 22.5°C 24.37 [187] MoS 2 BSARV PTT/DDS 2 mg kg −1 808 1 5 -- [192] MoSe 2 PolydopamineDOX PTT/DDS 0.1 mg mL −1 808 2 5 -44.5 [221] WS 2 IONP, MS, C 18 PMH-PEGDOX PTT/DDS 8.4 mg mL −1 808 0.55 10 15°C - [222] MoS 2 PEI-HADOXNOTA-64 Cu PTT/DDS 200 µL 808 0.6 10 -- [224] MoS 2 PLGA oleosolDOX PTT/DDS 75 µg MoS 2 808 0.6 5 Reached 56.5°C - [225] MoS 2 Gen 5-PAMAM PTT/GDS 0. [234] superparamagnetic properties, [244] which is beneficial for MRI imaging, magnetic hyperthermia, and targeted accumulation by external magnetic field. [245] In a recent study, Espinosa et al utilized magnetic and NIR light-responsive properties of iron oxide nanocubes for bimodal thermal therapy against cancer.…”

“…Overall, this strategy may allow a reduction in doses of iron oxides, magnetic field strength, and NIR excitation power to comply with in vivo settings. TiO 2-x treatment with 808 nm (1 W cm −2 ) irradiation www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advtherap.com MoS 2 Exfoliation Chitosan 80 nm (l) 4-6 nm (t) -PTT, drug delivery, CT imaging [187] MoS 2 Exfoliation -14.7 nm (hd) -PDT, down-and upconversion fluorescence Imaging [188] MoS 2 Exfoliation LA-PEG 50 nm (l) 2 nm (t) 28.4 L g −1 cm −1 at 800 nm PTT, drug delivery [191] MoS 2 Exfoliation BSA 89 nm (l) 5-15 nm (t) -PTT, drug delivery [192] MoS 2 Ionic liquid grinding Chitosan 120 nm (l) 1.4 nm (t) 62.6 L g −1 cm −1 at 800 nm PTT [194] MoS 2 Solvothermal PEG 79.2 nm (l) 0.29 nm (t) -PTT [197] MoS 2 Exfoliation -0.8 µm (l) 1.6 nm (t) 29.2 L g −1 cm −1 at 800 nm PTT [199] MoS 2 Solvothermal LA-PEG 90 nm (l) -PTT [201] MoS 2 Hydrothermal Polyacrylic acid LA-PEG 90 nm (l) -PTT [203] MoS 2 Sonication BSA 181 ± 3 nm (l) (hd) 10.65 nm (t) -PA imaging [209] MoS 2 Exfoliation DMSA-IONP-PEG-Amine LA-PEG 50-200 nm (l) -PTT, PA, MRI, and PET imaging [211] MoS 2 Hydrothermal Fe 3 O 4 PEG 190.1 nm (hd) -PTT, PA, and MRI imaging [213] MoS 2 Solvothermal Polyaniline PEG 21.5 ± 3.9 nm (hd) -PTT, RT, PA, and CT imaging [215] MoS 2 Exfoliation PEG-amine Mesoporous silica DOX 450 nm (hd) -PTT, drug delivery [223] MoS 2 Exfoliation PEI-HA DOX NOTA-64 Cu 30-50 nm (l) 5-7 nm (t) -PTT, drug delivery [224] MoS 2 Solvothermal PLGA oleosol DOX 100 nm (l) -PTT, drug delivery [225] MoS 2 Exfoliation LA-PEG PEI 90 nm (hd) -PTT, gene delivery [226] MoS 2 Exfoliation LA-PEI SH-PEG 100-150 nm (l) 6-8 nm (t) -PTT, gene delivery [227] MoS 2 Hydrothermal Gen 5 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) 420 nm (hd) -PTT, gene delivery [230] MoS 2 Exfoliation LA-PEG 100 nm (hd) 28.4 L g −1 cm −1 at 800 nm PTT, PDT, and PA imaging [231] MoS 2 Hydrothermal PEI Fe 3 O 4 ICG Pt(IV) 80 nm (hd) -PTT, PDT, PA, MRI imaging [234] WS 2 Exfoliation LA-PEG 3 ± 0.18 nm (l) -PTT, RT, PA, and CT imaging [179c] WS 2 Exfoliation BSA 20-100 nm (l) 4-5 nm (t) 21.8 L g −1 cm −1 at 808 nm PTT, PDT, and CT Imaging [186] WS 2 Exfoliation LA-PEG 50-100 nm (l) 1.6 nm (t) 23.8 L g −1 cm −1 at 808 nm PTT, PA, and CT imaging [189] WS 2 High-temperature reaction Gd 3+ C 18 PMH-PEG 90-100 nm (hd) 22.6 L g −1 cm −1 at 808 nm PTT, ...…”

Hedgehog‐Like Gold‐Coated Magnetic Microspheres that Strongly Inhibit Tumor Growth through Magnetomechanical Force and Photothermal Effects

“…Microscale and nanoscale biomaterials are promising platforms to provide novel strategies for cancer therapy. Among the numerous biomedical materials developed to date, magnetic particles offer exciting avenues for advanced cancer therapies . Magnetic iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles have excellent biocompatibility and have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for clinical application .…”