Synthesis and oxygen reduction properties of three-dimensional sulfur-doped graphene networks

Zhang, Yijia; Chu, Mo; Lu, Yang; Deng, Wei; Tan, Yueming; Ma, Ming; Xie, Qingji

doi:10.1039/c4cc01939c

Cited by 128 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In addition, the offered large active area of mesopore structure that can provide more active sites, in combination with microporous structure that reduces the electrolyte diffusion distances to the interior surfaces and serves as an electrolyte buffering reservoir, significantly enhances the ORR activity [24,25]. The addition of nitrogen at this advantageous carbon structure further facilitates ORR.…”

Section: D and 3d Doped-carbon Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Non-Precious Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media: Latest Achievements on Novel Carbon Materials

et al. 2016

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Low temperature fuel cells (LTFCs) are considered as clean energy conversion systems and expected to help address our society energy and environmental problems. Up-to-date, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the main hindering factors for the commercialization of LTFCs, because of its slow kinetics and high overpotential, causing major voltage loss and short-term stability. To provide enhanced activity and minimize loss, precious metal catalysts (containing expensive and scarcely available platinum) are used in abundance as cathode materials. Moreover, research is devoted to reduce the cost associated with Pt based cathode catalysts, by identifying and developing Pt-free alternatives. However, so far none of them has provided acceptable performance and durability with respect to Pt electrocatalysts. By adopting new preparation strategies and by enhancing and exploiting synergetic and multifunctional effects, some elements such as transition metals supported on highly porous carbons have exhibited reasonable electrocatalytic activity. This review mainly focuses on the very recent progress of novel carbon based materials for ORR, including: (i) development of three-dimensional structures; (ii) synthesis of novel hybrid (metal oxide-nitrogen-carbon) electrocatalysts; (iii) use of alternative raw precursors characterized from three-dimensional structure; and (iv) the co-doping methods adoption for novel metal-nitrogen-doped-carbon electrocatalysts. Among the examined materials, reduced graphene oxide-based hybrid electrocatalysts exhibit both excellent activity and long term stability.

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Section: D and 3d Doped-carbon Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Non-Precious Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media: Latest Achievements on Novel Carbon Materials

et al. 2016

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“…Furthermore, a sulfur content of 12.8 wt % was measured, wherein the S atoms were incorporated as ÀCÀSÀC, C=S and CÀSO x species, with ÀCÀSÀC predominating in the lattice. [32] Few oxygen functionalities were left in the structure after thermal-annealing treatment. Zhang et al also performed Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements to show that the final product possessed a large surface area (2129 m 2 g À1 ) and a pore volume of 1.30 cm 3 g…”

Section: Sulfurmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Zhang et al published a novel work on the doping of sulfur atoms on 3D graphenes (Figure 9). [32] The synthesis method involves the use of a sulfonic acid ion-exchange resin, which was thermally annealed at 850 8C. The final product obtained was composed of 2D sulfur-doped nanographene sheets of a few layers with a thickness of 4 nm.…”

Section: Sulfurmentioning

confidence: 99%

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p‐Element‐Doped Graphene: Heteroatoms for Electrochemical Enhancement

Poh

Pumera

2014

ChemElectroChem

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“…S-doped 3D porous RGO hollow nanospheres framework (S-PGHS), prepared with GO and dibenzyl disulfide as precursors, exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity comparable with that of commercial Pt/C (40%), and much better durability and methanol tolerance [89]. 3D sulfur-doped graphene networks S-GFs were also prepared by using an ionexchange/activation combination method, which showed outstanding ORR catalytic performance [90]. Recently, 3D P-doped graphene (3DPG) fabricated by CVD method with nickel foam as template and triphenylphosphine (TPP) as C and P sources was proposed as ORR catalyst, which exhibited better catalytic activity, long-term stability, and methanol tolerance than pristine 3D graphene and commercial Pt/C [91].…”

Section: Single Heteroatom-doped 3d Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Heteroatom-Doped Nanocarbon for Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: A Review

Xiong

Fan

et al. 2018

Catalysts

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Abstract:The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is a fundamental process and functions a pivotal role in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. However, the electrochemical performance of these technologies has been still challenged by the high cost, scarcity, and insufficient durability of the traditional Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts. Heteroatom-doped nanocarbon electrocatalysts with competitive activity, enhanced durability, and acceptable cost, have recently attracted increasing interest and hold great promise as substitute for precious-metal catalysts (e.g., Pt and Pt-based materials). More importantly, three-dimensional (3D) porous architecture appears to be necessary for achieving high catalytic ORR activity by providing high specific surface areas with more exposed active sites and large pore volumes for efficient mass transport of reactants to the electrocatalysts. In this review, recent progress on the design, fabrication, and performance of 3D heteroatom-doped nanocarbon catalysts is summarized, aiming to elucidate the effects of heteroatom doping and 3D structure on the ORR performance of nanocarbon catalysts, thus promoting the design of highly active nanocarbon-based ORR electrocatalysts.

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Synthesis and oxygen reduction properties of three-dimensional sulfur-doped graphene networks

Cited by 128 publications

References 37 publications

Non-Precious Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media: Latest Achievements on Novel Carbon Materials

Non-Precious Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media: Latest Achievements on Novel Carbon Materials

p‐Element‐Doped Graphene: Heteroatoms for Electrochemical Enhancement

Three-Dimensional Heteroatom-Doped Nanocarbon for Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: A Review

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