Synthesis and parameters of new populations of meat-type chickens

Chambers, James R.; Bernon, D. E.; Gavora, J. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00262532

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similarly, observations by Sabri et al (1991) of genetic differences in feed efficiency were reported to be due to differences in energy requirements for growth for the genetic lines evaluated. Consistent with this rationale of the biological relationship between FCR and BWG were high phenotypic and genetic correlation estimates reported by Chambers et al (1984).…”

Section: Body Weight Gain Feed Consumption and Feed Conversion Ratiosupporting

confidence: 73%

“…These two traits are commonly used in determining performance of both meat and egg-type birds. Further, these traits with an estimated correlation of +0.52 have been of both biological and economic significance towards genetic improvement through selection of faster growing and high producing birds (Chambers et al, 1984;Leenstra et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterosis for growth related traits in White Plymouth Rock and Single Comb White Leghorn reciprocal crosses reared under two crude protein regimens

Nahashon¹,

Ayorinde²,

Drummond³

et al. 1999

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Studies of dietary effects on heterosis for body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) are few. In the present work, heterosis, heterosis due to sex chromosome, and maternal and line effects for BWG and FCR were compared in reciprocal crosses of White Plymouth Rock (WPR) and Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL). These birds were reared on either 18 or 20% crude protein (CP) diets from hatch to 8 weeks. The WPR birds exhibited larger body weights and consumed more feed than the SCWL birds. Also WPR birds on 20% CP diet were larger than those on 18% CP diet. Although FCR of SCWL birds on 18% CP diet was lower than those on 20% CP diet at 1 and 3-6 weeks, FCR was lower in WPR than SCWL birds. Heterosis was higher at 18% CP diets and the average maternal and line effects for BWG were higher (P<0.05) for WPR than SCWL and at 18 than 20% CP diets. However, maternal effects for FCR of WPR progeny were higher at 20 than 18% CP diets. Average line effects were also higher for WPR than SCWL males and significant at 20% CP diets for both lines. Heterosis due to sex chromosome was significant (PO.05) and positive for BWG but negative for FCR. This study indicates that SCWL males and WPR females exhibited higher combining ability at 18 than 20% CP diets. The significant heterosis for BWG and FCR due to sex chromosomes and maternal effects suggest that these two traits are also affected by genes on the sex chromosome.

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Section: Body Weight Gain Feed Consumption and Feed Conversion Ratiosupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosis for growth related traits in White Plymouth Rock and Single Comb White Leghorn reciprocal crosses reared under two crude protein regimens

Nahashon¹,

Ayorinde²,

Drummond³

et al. 1999

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…Two hundred male broiler chicks, derived from a cross of selected male and female lines (Chambers et al, 1984), were reared to 9 days of age in electrically heated, wire-floored battery brooders where they received a crumbled practical broiler starter diet and fresh water ad libitum. At 1500 h on the 9th day, all feed was removed and chicks were fasted overnight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Fat Level and Lysine:Energy Ratio on Energy Utilization and Tissue Synthesis by Broiler Chicks

Sibbald

Wolynetz

1987

Poultry Science

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An experiment was designed to estimate the effect of dietary fat (20 or 80 g/kg) on the responses of broiler chicks to changes in the ratios of bioavailable lysine (LB) to true metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen balance (TMEn) in their diets. A comparative slaughter experiment used an initial slaughter group of 44 10-day-old male chicks; an additional 120 chicks from the same population were used in the 14-day experiment. Dietary treatments comprised two basal diets differing in fat content and formulated to have similar nutrient:TMEn ratios. Each basal diet was supplemented with four levels of lysine to provide four LB:TMEn ratios calculated, and subsequently found, to be the same in each basal diet series. Each of the eight diets was diluted with five levels of cellulose to ensure a range of intakes under ad libitum feeding. Three individually housed chicks were assigned to each of the 40 diets. Carcasses were assayed for water, nitrogen, lipids, ash, and gross energy; changes in these variables during the experiment were the response criteria. The fat content of the diet had no effect (P greater than .05) on the chick responses to LB:TMEn ratios. At a fixed energy intake the body weight gain, retained water, retained energy as protein and retained ash increased with the LB:TMEn ratio, with no conclusive evidence of a maximum response having been reached for any variable at an LB:TMEn ratio of .83 g/MJ. Retained energy was independent (P greater than .05) of the LB:TMEn ratio but the energy retained as neutral lipids tended to decrease as the ratio increased. The data support the view that the lysine requirement of the broiler chick varies according to the response criterion used in its assessment.

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“…Nine 'sire-strain' and seven 'dam-strain' broiler breeding stocks were obtained as 1-dayold chicks from the industry in 1978, and from these, new sire and dam populations were synthesized (Chambers et a/., 1984). The hatch in 1981 represented the first generation of the established synthetic populations.…”

Section: Chickens and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous leukosis viral antigen in eggs from meat‐type chickens on an avian leukosis virus eradication programme

Spencer¹,

Chambers

1992

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYIn an effort to eliminate exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) from a susceptible population, albumen of one egg per hen from each of four generations was tested by ELISA for groupspecific antigen (gsa) of leukosis/sarcoma viruses. From 1510 to 2099 hens were tested in each generation. Hens were not used as breeders if optical density readings for gsa were 0.4 or greater. Despite this procedure, there was no appeciable change in the occurrence of gsa in eggs from one generation to the next and in the sire population the percentage of hens with levels of 0.4 or greater was 7.1 and 8.7 in the first and fourth generations tested, respectively. There were no consistent differences in antigen levels in any of the eight strains that comprised the two populations.For the most part, antigen detected in eggs resulted from expression of endogenous viral genes since there was a low incidence of exogenous infection. Six of 234 hens of the second generation tested from the sire population were positive for ALV in serum and three of 161 were positive for antibody to subgroup A virus; no antibody to subgroup B was detected. Five of the six hens that tested positive for ALV were from the same strain and had been reared together. With one exception these hens would have been eliminated as breeders based on tests for antigen in eggs. In the fourth generation tested, no virus or subgroup A antibody was found in serum from approximately 250 hens from the two populations.

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Synthesis and parameters of new populations of meat-type chickens

Cited by 44 publications

References 16 publications

Heterosis for growth related traits in White Plymouth Rock and Single Comb White Leghorn reciprocal crosses reared under two crude protein regimens

Heterosis for growth related traits in White Plymouth Rock and Single Comb White Leghorn reciprocal crosses reared under two crude protein regimens

Effects of Dietary Fat Level and Lysine:Energy Ratio on Energy Utilization and Tissue Synthesis by Broiler Chicks

Endogenous leukosis viral antigen in eggs from meat‐type chickens on an avian leukosis virus eradication programme

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