Synthesis and performance evaluation of a new drag reducer based on acrylamide/12‐allyloxydodecyl acid sodium

Abstract

Hydraulic fracturing with slickwater is a field‐proven stimulation technology used in tight reservoirs. Because of the high pumping rate associated with slickwater fracturing, drag reduction (DR) is critical in minimizing pressure drop and the success of oilfield operations. In this paper, a new type of drag reducer (SPR) was synthesized with acrylamide and 12‐allyloxydodecyl acid sodium, and its drag reduction performance was evaluated. The results showed that the new drag reducer features low molecular weight, fast‐dissolving rate and low interfacial tension. The algorithm of estimating the drag reduction rate of non‐Newtonian fluid SPR was proposed and validated. Empirical or semianalytical models for estimating the friction ratio (σ) or friction factor (λ or f) were used to simulate the turbulence behavior of the SPR drag reducer under different Reynolds numbers (Re). The modified Virk's correlation could accurately model the turbulent behavior of the SPR drag reducer. A unified calculation formula was established in this study for different pipe diameters.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel rigid rod polymer based on 2,6‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid and 2,3,5,6‐tetraminopyridine

“…Figure 3 represents the FTIR spectras of 2,6‐DHTA, 2,3,5,6‐TAP and PPDA. In Figure 3b, the peaks at 3434 and 3231 cm −1 were caused by the stretching vibration of NH on amido bond and the stretching vibration of the OH also at 3434 cm −1 21 . The peaks near 2920 and 2856 cm −1 were attributed to the stretching vibrations of the main chain CH 2 .…”

Investigation on the influence of sulfonic substitution in polyacrylamides for minimizing drag in turbulent flow of slickwater fluids

“…Similar studies related to prediction modeling in the context of friction factor estimation were perceived with the application of drag reducing polymers. 103,104 4 | CONCLUSION…”

Insights into the Efficient Release of the Polyacrylamide Drag Reducer via a pH-Responsive Inverse Polymer Emulsion

“…14,15 The PAM drag reducer can be divided into powder and emulsion types; among them, PAM powders are faced with dissolution problems, resulting in a low drag reduction efficiency. 16,17 Besides, the inadequate dissolution of PAM powders results in a mass of polymer lumps, which causes pipe plugging and equipment damage and, more seriously, leads to irreversible formation damage due to the blockage of oil migration channels and reduction of fracture conductivity. PAM emulsions can evade the inherent defect of PAM powders and are capable of realizing complete dissolution of polymers.…”