Tyrosine is an attractive target for chemo- and site-selective
protein modification. The particular chemical nature of tyrosine residues
allows bioconjugation chemistry with reactive aryl diazonium salts
via electrophilic aromatic substitution to produce diazo compounds.
In this work, we describe the preparation of 64Cu- and 68Ga-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-diazonium
salts as building blocks for azo coupling chemistry with tyrosine
and tyrosine-containing peptides and proteins under mild conditions.
2-S-(4-aminobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic
acid (p-NH2-Bn-NOTA) was used to form
the corresponding 64Cu- and 68Ga-labeled complexes,
followed by diazotization with NaNO2 in the presence of
HCl. 64Cu- and 68Ga-labeled NOTA complexes were
prepared in high radiochemical yields >80% starting from 20 μg
of p-NH2-Bn-NOTA. Conversion of p-NH2-Bn-NOTA complexes into diazonium salts
followed by azo coupling with l-tyrosine afforded 64Cu- and 68Ga-labeled tyrosine in radiochemical yields
of 80 and 56%, respectively. Azo coupling with tyrosine-containing
hexapeptide neurotensin NT(8–13) afforded 64Cu-
and 68Ga-labeled NT(8–13) in radiochemical yields
of 45 and 11%, respectively. Azo coupling of 64Cu-labeled
NOTA-diazonium salt with human serum albumin (HSA) gave 64Cu-labeled HSA in radiochemical yields of 20%. The described azo
coupling chemistry represents an innovative and versatile bioconjugation
strategy for selective targeting of tyrosine residues in peptides
and proteins.