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New substituted azomethines of benzanthrone with heterocyclic substituents were synthesized by condensation reaction of 3-aminobenzo[de]anthracen-7-one with appropriate aromatic aldehydes. The resulting imines were reduced with sodium borohydride to the corresponding amines, the luminescence of which is more pronounced in comparison with the initial azomethines. The novel benzanthrone derivatives were characterized by NMR, IR, MS, UV/Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The structure of three dyes was studied by the X-ray single crystal structure analysis. The solvent effect on photophysical behaviors of synthesized imines and amines was investigated. The obtained compounds absorb at 420–525 nm, have relatively large Stokes shifts (up to 150 nm in ethanol), and emit at 500–660 nm. The results testify that emission of the studied compounds is sensitive to the solvent polarity, exhibiting negative fluorosolvatochromism for the synthesized azomethines and positive fluorosolvatochromism for the obtained amines. The results obtained indicate that the synthesized compounds are promising as luminescent dyes.
New substituted azomethines of benzanthrone with heterocyclic substituents were synthesized by condensation reaction of 3-aminobenzo[de]anthracen-7-one with appropriate aromatic aldehydes. The resulting imines were reduced with sodium borohydride to the corresponding amines, the luminescence of which is more pronounced in comparison with the initial azomethines. The novel benzanthrone derivatives were characterized by NMR, IR, MS, UV/Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The structure of three dyes was studied by the X-ray single crystal structure analysis. The solvent effect on photophysical behaviors of synthesized imines and amines was investigated. The obtained compounds absorb at 420–525 nm, have relatively large Stokes shifts (up to 150 nm in ethanol), and emit at 500–660 nm. The results testify that emission of the studied compounds is sensitive to the solvent polarity, exhibiting negative fluorosolvatochromism for the synthesized azomethines and positive fluorosolvatochromism for the obtained amines. The results obtained indicate that the synthesized compounds are promising as luminescent dyes.
Two new Schiff bases were synthesized from 1‐(2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone and pyridine derivatives. Both compounds were characterized using infrared, UV–Vis., 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed for both the Schiff bases with 6‐31G(d, p) as the basis set. Vibrational frequencies calculated using the theoretical method were in good agreement with the experimental values. Both the Schiff bases were highly fluorescent in nature. The cation‐recognizing profile of the compounds was investigated in aqueous methanol medium. The Schiff base 4‐(1‐(pyridin‐4‐ylimino)ethyl)benzene‐1,3‐diol (PYEB) was found to interact with Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions, whereas the Schiff base 4,4′‐((pyridine‐2,3‐diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(ethan‐1‐yl‐1‐ylidene))bis(benzene‐1,3‐diol) (PDEB) was found to detect Cu(II) ions. The mechanism of recognition was established as combined excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)–chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect and chelation‐enhanced quenching (CHEQ) process for the detection of Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions, respectively. The stability constant of the metal complexes formed during the sensing process was determined. The limit of detection for Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions with respect to Schiff base PYEB was found to be 1.64 × 10−6 and 2.16 × 10−7 M, respectively. With respect to Schiff base PDEB, the limit of detection for Cu(II) ion was found to be 4.54 × 10−4 M. The Cu(II) ion sensing property of the Schiff base PDEB was applied in bioimaging studies for the detection of HeLa cells.
Excess hypochlorite (ClO−) is harmful to living organisms and can cause various oxidative diseases in the human body. Owing to the toxicity of ClO−, the development of efficient fluorescence sensors to track ClO− is necessary. In this work, we report a novel thiourea‐based fluorescent turn‐on sensor 1‐(9‐ethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)‐3‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)thiourea (ECNT) for recognizing ClO−. ECNT can detect ClO− with high selectivity, relatively low interference with other analytes, and a significantly fast response time (<1 s) through a desulfurization reaction. The detection limit of ECNT for ClO− is calculated as 5.59 μM. Of note, ECNT is a chemosensor that reacts the fastest with ClO− among the reported thiourea‐based fluorescence turn‐on sensors for detecting ClO−. The response mechanism of ECNT to ClO− is demonstrated through 1H NMR titration, ESI mass, and density functional theory calculations.
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