Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Anion Exchanger Based on Green Modified Bottle Gourd Shell

Abstract

The structural performance and biosorption behavior of a new cationic biosorbent (CALV) prepared from bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) shell (LVS) as a potentially valuable agrowaste have been established. The biosorbent with anion exchangeable function was synthesized from a modified lignocellulosic biomass (MLV) by a quaternary ammonium agent, N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride. Preparation of the appropriate MLV precursor was firstly carried out by the process of alkaline pretreatment of LVS biomass using a green carbonate solution. In this way, partial delignification, removal of extractive substances, and increased porosity of the cellulose-enriched MLV biomass, as well as the activation of available cellulosic microfibrils to alkaline-cellulose have been achieved. The optimization of synthesis conditions was carried out by direct estimation of the CALV biosorption efficiency to phosphate (using ICP-OES) and nitrate (using UV-VIS) from the aqueous solutions. The structural changes of MLV precursors during green modification and the success of synthesis and biosorbent performances before and after the removal of anions from contaminated solutions have been registered and clarified by physicochemical methods, which include elemental analysis, chemical constitution, morphological characterization, and FTIR spectroscopy. In accordance with the FTIR spectroscopic analysis and isotherm studies, a structural model of the CALV biosorbent and its ion exchange mechanism are proposed.

Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) Shell as a Natural, Biodegradable, Highly Available, Cheap, Agricultural by-Product, Miscellaneous Biomass, Ion Exchanger, Biosorbent and Fertilizer

“…In this way, the availability of various chemical agents to the cellulose chain increases. These findings were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopic and SEM-EDS morphological analysis of biomass samples before (LVS) and after (LVSAT) the pretreatment procedure [37].…”

“…The partner of this IR band (from the asymmetric C-N bond) is located at about 980 cm −1 , suggesting the presence of new -CH 3 groups. All these observations clearly indicate the incorporation of the cationic -N + R 3 group on the LVSAT-CHMAC biosorbent surface during biomass modification [4,6,37].…”

“…FTIR spectroscopic characterization of alkaline modified biomass (LVSAT) and synthesized biosorbent (LVSAT-CHMAC) was aimed at identifying structural changes of the precursor during synthesis and confirming the incorporation of quaternary ammonium groups into the biomass structure [37]. Corresponding segments of FTIR spectra in the areas of valence and deformation vibrations of functional groups with characteristic changes are shown in Figure 7.…”

Development and characterisation of miscellaneous cationic sorbents based on lignocellulosic gourd shell

“…However, it should be noted that these bands, together with a deformation vibration band of OH group (in plane) at 1423 cm -1 and a wide band of the vibration of the cellulose ester group at 1260 cm -1 , are correlated with the crystalline cellulose structure [43]. Thus, the apparently small changes in band intensity indicate a 8(2) (2019) [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] proportional change in the fraction of the crystalline to amorphous form of certain cellulose areas in the treated sample, which favors more efficient sorbent synthesis based on this precursor.…”

Recovery of Uranium(VI) from Sulfate Leach Liquor using Modified Duolite

“…Consequently, modified resins are more suitable than conventional commercial ones for recovering a specified metal ion with high selectivity . Several studies have been reported for polymeric supports in which an inert support is integrated with a selective chelating agent to produce a solid sorbent used to separate uranium from dilute aqueous solutions …”