Synthesis and physicochemical properties of cationic starches

Abstract

547.458.61:661.185.232 N. S. Butrim, and T. L. YurkshtovichThe reaction kinetics of an aqueous suspension of potato starch, various amounts of NaOH, and cationic 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium (chloride) were studied in detail. It was found that the compositions of the sparsely substituted cationic starch ethers and the efficiency of the reaction depended strongly on the ratio of components in the alkylating mixture. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized samples were studied using chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray structure analysis, and thermogravimetry. It was shown that the temperature regime of the reaction had a determining influence on the thermal stability and structural changes of the cationic starch derivative.Starch derivatives containing cationic groups are important commercial products that are widely used as effective additives in the cellulose and paper, textile, cosmetic, and other branches of industry. Cationic starches with quaternary ammonium ethers have the broadest application [1] and have been used effectively over the last decades in the production of paper and cardboard to increase the retention of fiber and filler, suppress the disintegration process, and increase the surface strength and rupture strength of paper [2]. Such cationic starches can be prepared by various methods (dry, wet, extrusion) by adding to the starch macromolecule functional groups carrying a positive charge [3][4][5][6]. Of the large number of available reagents, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTMAC) is used most often.Cationic ethers are obtained via reaction of native starch with CHPTMAC under various conditions according to the general Scheme 1.

Size press practices and formulations affecting paper properties and process efficiency: A Review

“…Wilson (2005) mentions that early attempts in the 1950s to add cationic starch at the size press were unsuccessful, and it had been suggested that the problems were due to the electrostatic interactions with the fiber surfaces. To prepare cationic starch, the suspension of starch grains is treated under highly alkaline conditions with epoxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride or a related compound (Bergh and Hemmes 1991;Butrim et al 2011). Subsequent cooking of such starch yields molecular chains that have an affinity for cellulosic surfaces.…”

Experimental Study of Cationic-Modified Biopolymer for Increasing the Shear Strength of Sand

“…Chemically, the negative charge of the starch is converted into a positive charge. Commonly used reagents include 2-chloroethyldiethylamine, 2,3-epoxypropyldiethylamine, and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl [11]. The charge of fibers can be balanced out by cationic starch.…”

The Development of a Bacterial Nanocellulose/Cationic Starch Hydrogel for the Production of Sustainable 3D-Printed Packaging Foils

“…The result is a positively charged starch, usually presented in dry powder form [ 13 ]. It is used for various functionalities such as emulsification and dry strength, as a flocculating agent [ 22 ], and in addition to negatively charged cellulose, paper, textiles, cosmetics, and others [ 23 ].…”