Synthesis and Polymerization of Bismaleimide Derived from 5(6)-amino-1(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3,3′-trimethyl indane

Vijayakumar, Chinnaswamy Thangavel; Periadurai, T; Alam, Sarfaraz

doi:10.1080/03602550802577320

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Polymer nanocomposites are prepared with five synthetic methods: (a) in situ polymerization, (b) direct melt intercalation, (c) solution intercalation, (d) the direct layered silicate method, and (e) the dispersion and aggregation method 3. Polyimide is a condensation polymer (produced from acid anhydrides and primary amines) having outstanding properties, such as thermooxidative stability, high mechanical strength, high modulus, excellent chemical resistance, and electrical properties 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing studies of bisphenol a based bismaleimide and cloisite 15a nanoclay blends using differential scanning calorimetry and model‐free kinetics

Surender

Mahendran

Thamaraichelvan

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Blends of 2,2-bis[4-(4-maleimidophenoxy phenyl)]propane [bismaleimide (BMIX)] with different proportions (1,2,3,4,5,7, and 9%) of the nanoclay Cloisite 15a were prepared with ultrasonication. Fourier transform infrared studies reveal the existence of interactions between the clay particles and the imide rings in BMIX. The difference in the melting characteristics and the decrease in the curing window caused by the incorporation of the clay particles in BMIX, as evidenced by detailed differential scanning calorimetry investigations, confirmed the existence of interactions between the nanoclay particles and BMIX molecules. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Vyazovkin, and Friedman kinetics methods were used to calculate the activation energies (E a 's) for the curing of the BMIX materials. E a for the polymerization varied, depending not only on the amount of clay loaded in the BMIX but also on the extent of the curing reaction. Because of the loss of interaction between the clay platelets and the imide rings of BMIX, a decrease in E a at higher reaction extents was noted when there was lower clay loadings (1-4% Cloisite 15a) in BMIX. A reversal in the previous behavior was noted at higher clay loadings (7 and 9% Cloisite 15a) in BMIX and was attributed to the restriction of the molecular mobility due to the presence of increased concentrations of clay platelets and the decreased availability of reaction sites for polymerization. These two opposing factors played were equal at the optimum level of Cloisite 15a loading (5%) in BMIX, which was reflected in the constancy of E a variation noted with increasing reaction extent. Figure 6. SEM images of the (A) thermally cured BMIX and (B) BMIX þ 5% Cloisite 15a. ARTICLE WWW.MATERIALSVIEWS.COM WILEYONLINELIBRARY.COM/APP

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing studies of bisphenol a based bismaleimide and cloisite 15a nanoclay blends using differential scanning calorimetry and model‐free kinetics

Surender

Mahendran

Thamaraichelvan

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The kinetic parameters such as the apparent activation energy for thermal degradation (Ea-D), pre-exponential factor (ln A), and reaction model (f(a)) for thermal degradation of polymers give an idea regarding the decomposition mechanism of the materials. [5][6][7][8][9] With these parameters, it is possible to predict the thermal lifetime of a material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and thermal studies of bis(isomaleimide)/bisphenol A and ortho novalac blends

Sarannya¹,

Rishwana²,

Mahalakshmy³

et al. 2019

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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Phenol formaldehyde ortho novalac (ON) resin and 4,4′-bisisomaleimidodiphenyl methane (VS) were prepared. Bisphenol A (BPA) and ON were blended with VS in different ratios and thermally cured. The structural characterization of the synthesized and polymerized materials was done using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal curing properties of VS and its blends were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The temperature at which the rate of curing was maximum ( T max) was found to be varying from 210°C to 220°C. The degradation properties of the polymerized VS and its blends were studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The Friedman, corrected Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, corrected Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, and advanced Vyazovkin methods are used to calculate the Ea-D for various reaction extents ( α). The variation of ln A with the α and thermal lifetime for these materials were predicted. The volatile products obtained during the thermal degradation of these polymers are analyzed using thermogravimetric-FTIR.

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“…The kinetic parameters such as the apparent activation energy for degradation (E a -D), pre-exponential factor (ln A) and reaction model (f(a)) for the thermal degradation of polymers give an idea regarding the decomposition mechanism of the materials. [4][5][6][7] Polyimide is an important class of materials widely used in industries. In particular, polyimides having aromatic units in their structural element exhibit high resistance to solvents and excellent tensile and thermal properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kinetic parameters such as the apparent activation energy for degradation ( E a -D), pre-exponential factor (ln A ) and reaction model ( f ( α )) for the thermal degradation of polymers give an idea regarding the decomposition mechanism of the materials. 4 –7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bis(isomaleimide) and diphenol blends: Non-isothermal degradation kinetics and TG-FTIR studies

Sarannya¹,

Rishwana²,

Mahalakshmy³

et al. 2018

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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Blends of 4,4′-bisisomaleimidodiphenyl methane (VS) with structurally different diphenols are made in 1:1 molar ratio and thermally polymerized. Thermogravimetric studies of the cured materials show that the thermal stability, the degradation pattern and the char yield are much dependent on the structure of the diphenol that is used for blending. The decreased thermal stability of materials from the blends is attributed to decreased cross links owing to the opening of the isomaleimide rings by diphenols during thermal polymerization. The materials with trimethylphenylindane and tetramethylspirobiindane units exhibit char residue of 21% at 800°C. This is due to the thermal stability of the indane and spirobiindane moieties present in the diphenol molecules. The apparent activation energy for thermal degradation ( Ea-D) and pre-exponential factor (ln A) are derived. The Friedman, corrected Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, corrected Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose and advanced Vyazovkin methods are used to calculate the Ea-D values for various reaction extents ( αs). The Ea-D values of poly(4,4′-bisisomaleimido-diphenyl methane) vary from 168 to 226 kJ mol−1. A slight decrease in Ea-D is noted for the initial α levels and increases constantly up to α = 0.3–0.75 and then the Ea-D values decrease with increasing α values. The highest values of Ea-D and ln A are observed for the polymer derived from the blend of VS with tetramethylspirobiindane diphenol. The volatile products obtained during the thermal degradation of these polymers are analysed using thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) spectroscopy. The TG-FTIR studies showed the compounds carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and aromatic amines are the major degradation products from the polymerized blends.

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Synthesis and Polymerization of Bismaleimide Derived from 5(6)-amino-1(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3,3′-trimethyl indane

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Curing studies of bisphenol a based bismaleimide and cloisite 15a nanoclay blends using differential scanning calorimetry and model‐free kinetics

Curing studies of bisphenol a based bismaleimide and cloisite 15a nanoclay blends using differential scanning calorimetry and model‐free kinetics

Synthesis and thermal studies of bis(isomaleimide)/bisphenol A and ortho novalac blends

Bis(isomaleimide) and diphenol blends: Non-isothermal degradation kinetics and TG-FTIR studies

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