Synthesis and properties of novel proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated polyethersulfone and N-phthaloyl chitosan blends for DMFC applications

Muthumeenal, A.; Neelakandan, Sivasubramaniyan; Kanagaraj, P.; Nagendran, A.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.09.018

Cited by 104 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The second weight loss from 200 to 450 °C is due to the thermal decomposition of sulfonic acid group. The third stage of weight loss begins around 450 °C is due to the decomposition of the polymer backbone . That is both pure and blend membranes are stable up to 400 °C, which is sufficiently high for common fuel cell application.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third stage of weight loss begins around 450 8C is due to the decomposition of the polymer backbone. 36 That is both pure and blend membranes are stable up to 400 8C, which is sufficiently high for common fuel cell application. During the investigation of the thermal stability of the pure and blend PEMs, membranes were kept in an oven under a nitrogen atmosphere at different temperatures.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly selective sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)/poly(ether sulfone) blend proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Devi

Neelakandan

Nagendran

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) based on blends of poly(ether sulfone) (PES) and sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (sPVdF‐co‐HFP) were prepared successfully. Fabricated blend membranes showed favorable PEM characteristics such as reduced methanol permeability, high selectivity, and improved mechanical integrity. Additionally, these membranes afford comparable proton conductivity, good oxidative stability, moderate ion exchange capacity, and reasonable water uptake. To appraise PEM performance, blend membranes were characterized using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, AC impedance spectroscopy; atomic force microscopy, and thermogravimetry. Addition of hydrophobic PES confines the swelling of the PEM and increases the ultimate tensile strength of the membrane. Proton conductivities of the blend membranes are about 10−3 S cm−1. Methanol permeability of 1.22 × 10−7cm2 s−1 exhibited by the sPVdF‐co‐HFP/PES10 blend membrane is much lower than that of Nafion‐117. AFM studies divulged that the sPVdF‐co‐HFP/PES blend membranes have nodule like structure, which confirms the presence of hydrophilic domain. The observed results demonstrated that the sPVdF‐co‐HFP/PES blend membranes have promise for possible usage as a PEM in direct methanol fuel cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43907.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly selective sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)/poly(ether sulfone) blend proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Devi

Neelakandan

Nagendran

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Thus, this could be another area of research that could be carried out to complement work on electrolytes based on Ch and PhCh. [36]. The high H + conductivity can be attributed to the sulfonic acid groups and the presence of the polar groups in PhCh.…”

Section: Ionic Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Chitosan and Phthaloylated Chitosan in Electrochemical Devices

Osman¹,

Arof²

2017

Biological Activities and Application of Marine Polysaccharides

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Chitin and chitosan are widely found in nature. Chitin can be obtained from fungi and in the lower animals. Chitosan can be derived from chitin. The process of chitosan derivation from chitin is called deacetylation. Chitosan is non-toxic, odourless, biocompatible in animal tissues and enzymatically biodegradable. It has found many applications in the fields of cosmetics, wound healing, dietetics and waste-water treatment. Chitosan holds many promising potentials, but its inability to dissolve in many of the common solvents has restricted its application. Hence, chitosan has been modified, and there are now many derivatives of chitosan. In the current chapter, we discuss chitosan and only the phthaloyl chitosan derivative. Their applications in several electrochemical devices are also discussed.

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“…SPES is also blended with N-phthaloyl CS (NPHCs), thereby helping to enhance the hydrophilicity, porosity and water retention of the membrane [129,137]. Muthumeenal et al [138] reported the increase in proton conductivity and water uptake of SPES/NPHC blended membrane (9.20 × 10 −3 to 12.10 × 10 −3 S cm −1 and 38.0% to 41.5%, respectively) with increasing temperature from 25 to 80 • C. These increments in proton conductivity and water uptake were due to the presence of sulphonic acid groups in the membrane and polar groups in NPHCs. These findings were supported by Li et al [137], who also observed increased membrane hydrophilicity with increasing NPHC content.…”

Section: Cs/polymer Blend Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Rosli

Loh

Wong

et al. 2020

IJMS

106

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Perfluorosulphonic acid-based membranes such as Nafion are widely used in fuel cell applications. However, these membranes have several drawbacks, including high expense, non-eco-friendliness, and low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. Biopolymer-based membranes, such as chitosan (CS), cellulose, and carrageenan, are popular. They have been introduced and are being studied as alternative materials for enhancing fuel cell performance, because they are environmentally friendly and economical. Modifications that will enhance the proton conductivity of biopolymer-based membranes have been performed. Ionic liquids, which are good electrolytes, are studied for their potential to improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of fuel cell applications. This review summarizes the development and evolution of CS biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids in fuel cell applications over the past decade. It also focuses on the improved performances of fuel cell applications using biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids as promising clean energy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 2 of 52 used to exchange protons from the anode to the cathode [1]. PEMFCs are light, highly efficient, and compact. They operate at relatively low temperatures (≈80 • C), have high power density, and are suitable for various applications. Figure 1 shows that PEMFC consists of various important elements, namely, bipolar plates, diffusion layers, electrodes (anode and cathode), and an electrolyte. The core of a PEMFC is a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) placed between two electrodes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 53 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 3 of 52Polysaccharides, such as chitosan (CS) and cellulose, are among the best natural polymer materials because of their abundance in the environment. CS is a linear polysaccharide consisting of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (acetylated unit), which is produced by the deacetylation of chitin. CS has high water affinity properties as there is the presence of three different polar functional groups, which are hydroxyl (-OH), primary amine (-NH 2 ), and C-O-C groups. CS has a structure that is very similar to cellulose, but the difference among them is that CS contains amine groups and its structure is characterized by its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation, where its solubility is depended on [7].CS has rigid structure and high crystallinity as there are three hydrogen atoms strongly bonded between the amino and hydroxyl groups within the CS monomers, due to the immobilized structure, which leads to its proton conduction limitation. Moreover, CS has attractive physicochemical properties in aqueous solution due to its polycationic nature and this leads to wide range of biological purposes such as antimicrobial activity and disease resistance activities in plants [8]. CS membranes are one of the most preferable and favorable materials to re...

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Synthesis and properties of novel proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated polyethersulfone and N-phthaloyl chitosan blends for DMFC applications

Cited by 104 publications

References 36 publications

Highly selective sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)/poly(ether sulfone) blend proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Highly selective sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)/poly(ether sulfone) blend proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Chitosan and Phthaloylated Chitosan in Electrochemical Devices

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

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