Synthesis and Properties of Novel Alkyl Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants

Abstract

A series of novel dialkyl disulfonate gemini surfactants (2C n -SCT where n is the carbon number of the hydrophobic chain) were synthesized from cyanuric chloride, aliphatic amine and taurine. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR spectra, and ESI-MS. Their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) in the aqueous solutions at 25°C were determined by surface tension and electrical conductivity methods. With the increasing length of the carbon chain, the values of their CMC initially decreased, and then increased with an alkyl chain length of 14. The surface tension measurements of 2C n -SCT (except for n = 14) determined that there is a low CMC, a great efficiency in lowering the surface tension, and a strong adsorption at the air-water interface. In addition, adsorption and micellization behavior of 2C n -SCT were estimated from pC 20 , the minimum average area per surfactant molecule (A min ), and standard free energy micellization and adsorption (DG mic and DG ads ). These properties are significantly influenced by the chain length n, and the adsorption is promoted more than the micellization.

Interaction of Novel Anionic Gemini Surfactants with Dodecyl Sodium Sulfate in Aqueous NaCl Medium and the Performance of Their Mixtures

“…[24] The chemical structures are represented as follows: SDS (99%) was purchased from J&K Chemical Ltd. (China) and recrystallized before use. Sodium chloride, purchased from Kermel Reagent Corporation of Tianjin (China) and baked for 5 hours in an electric furnace at 500 C to remove traces of organic compounds, was used to increase the ionic strength of aqueous solutions.…”

“…[21][22][23] However, such investigation is still lack and most studies were focused on the cationic geminis and monomeric surfactants. In our previous paper, [24] a new method to synthesize gemini surfactant was proposed via triazine ring as a linkage to the hydrophilic head group, the hydrophobic tail and a spacer group. The aim of the present article is to study the interaction between these new anionic geminis and convenient surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and discuss the application properties, that is, emulsification, wetting, and dispersion, of the mixtures.…”

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants

“…In 2010, Cao, Li, and Song () and Li, Hu, Zhu, and Zhao () prepared 2,2′‐{6,6′‐[ethyl‐1,2‐diimino‐bis(4‐alkyl amine)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,6‐dialkyl]diimino}bis ethyl sulfonate (2C n ‐SCT). 4‐Chloro‐6‐alkyl amine‐1,3,5‐triazine was first synthesized using cyanuric chloride and aliphatic amine as raw materials.…”

Synthesis of Sulfobetaine‐Type Zwitterionic Gemini Surfactants (EAPMAC) and Their Oilfield Application Properties

“…Gemini surfactants consist of two hydrophobic chains and two polar/ionic head groups covalently connected by a spacer group (El-Aila, 2005;Li et al, 2010;Murguı´a et al, 2008;Zana, 2002). The surface activities of gemini surfactants are higher than the corresponding conventional surfactants (Du et al, 2007;Geng et al, 2014;Magdassi et al, 2003;Yaseen et al, 2006).…”