Synthesis and properties of styrene-EPDM-vinyl acetate graft polymer

Hoang, Thai; Park, Jong-Gu; Kim, Gu-Ni; Oh, Sangtaek; Ha, Chang‐Sik; Cho, Won‐Jei

doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20000906)77:10<2296::aid-app23>3.0.co;2-p

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Upon increasing the EPDM content, the grafting ratio increased initially. This result is expected because the number of grafting active sites available increases with increasing EPDM content, which will promote the graft copolymerization 8. However, on further increase in EPDM content, the grafting ratio decreases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Synthesis of high rubber styrene–EPDM–acrylonitrile graft copolymer and its toughening effect on SAN

Zeng

Wang

Cai

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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High rubber styrene-EPDM-acrylonitrile (AES) was prepared by the graft copolymerization of styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) onto ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) in n-heptane/toluene cosolvent using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The effects of reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, initiator concentration, EPDM content, the solvent component, and reaction time, on the graft copolymerization are discussed. In addition, according to the research on mechanical properties of the SAN/AES blend, a remarkable toughening effect of AES on SAN resin was found. By means of scanning electron microscopy, the toughening mechanism is proposed to be crazing initiation from rubber particles and shear deformation of SAN matrix. Uniform dispersion of rubber particles, as shown by transmission electron microscopy, is attributed to the good compatibility of SAN and AES.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The grafting ratio increases with increasing toluene content. This can be explained by the fact that toluene better dissolves EPDM and the formed graft terpolymer 8. Grafting efficiency increases with increasing toluene content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of high rubber styrene–EPDM–acrylonitrile graft copolymer and its toughening effect on SAN

Zeng

Wang

Cai

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…However, the further prolonged reaction time does not further increase the GD value, because all the initiator is used up. Moreover, long time heating will also cause the thermal decomposition of PLA 43, 44…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene triblock copolymer‐g‐polylactic acid copolymer and its potential application as a toughener for polylactic acid

Luo

Huang

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The copolymer of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene triblock copolymer-g-polylactic acid (SEBS-g-PLA) was successfully prepared using a novel solvothermal synthetic method, in which the graft copolymerization of PLA and SEBS was simply performed in cholorform solution at 100-150 C with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The effect of various factors including the reaction temperature and time and the content of BPO and PLA on the graft copolymerization was investigated in detail. It is found that the optimal reaction condition for the grafted copolymers SEBS-g-PLA was 120 C for 5 h, while the optimal formulation of SEBS/PLA/BPO was 5 g/2 g/0.5 g in 30 mL chloroform. The properties and microstructures of the obtained SEBS-g-PLA copolymers were also studied. The tensile strength and elongation at break were higher than that of pure SEBS and improved with the increase of grafting degree. In addition, SEBS-g-PLA copolymer possessed two-phase structure with vague phase boundaries. The as-prepared SEBS-g-PLA copolymers can be used as the toughening component to improve the impact strength of PLA.

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“…However, when more St was added, one part of the St monomer reacted with MAH to form the SMA copolymer; the other St monomers could preferentially react with PP chain macroradicals to produce relatively stable styryl macroradicals, thus partially depressing PP degradation. The stability of the latter macroradicals would make it difficult to react with the SMA copolymer 25, 26…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging spectrometer fundamentals for researchers in the biosciences—A tutorial

Lerner

2006

Cytometry Pt A

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Over the last 2 years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of bioscience laboratories using wavelength dispersive spectroscopy to study in vivo, in situ fluorescence. Transforming spectral information into an image provides a graphic means of mapping localized ionic, molecular, and protein-protein interactions. Spectroscopy also enables fluorophores with overlapping spectral features to be delineation. In this study, we provide the tools that a researcher needs to put into perspective instrumental contributions to a reported spectrum in order to gain greater understanding of the natural emission of the sample. We also show how to deduce the basic capabilities of a spectral confocal system. Finally, we show how to determine the true spectral bandwidth of an object, the illuminated area of a laser-excited object, and what is needed to optimize light throughput. Key terms: spectral imaging; spectrometer; spectrograph; PARISS; hyperspectral imaging; confocal; spectrometer design; wavelength calibration; spectral calibration The use of spectroscopy has greatly simplified the task of characterizing and delineating autofluorescence, natural fluorophores, and multiple man-made fluorophores, many with overlapping spectral profiles, in the same sample. Consequently, spectroscopy is one of the fastest growing techniques to be found in a bioscience laboratory (1,2). It is also one of the least understood, especially when both spectral and spatial information is required. In this study, we focus on wavelength dispersive devices rather than those that acquire spectra sequentially by changing bandpass filters. The transformation of wavelength information into an image is often called hyperspectral or multispectral imaging, but these terms are so blurred that, given the current state of technology, using the simple term ''spectral imaging'' is appropriate.This study provides the researcher with the tools to understand how spectrometers work, and how the limits of instrument performance can affect the accuracy, quality, validity, and interchangeability of acquired data. Spectrometers operate with multiple variables that have a significant influence on bandpass, wavelength dispersion, aberrations, and light throughput. To complicate matters further not all spectrometers work well with linear arrays or charge coupled devices (CCD) as a wavelength detectors. We try to put all these factors into perspective.To provide background we also describe how readily available commercial, plane grating, concave holographic grating, and advanced prism-based spectrometers work, and discuss their inherent limitations and advantages.The goal is to help a researcher optimize light throughput, check accuracy, and understand the real consequences of changing aperture sizes (such as a pinhole in a confocal system) on spectroscopic performance. When comparing spectroscopic results with those of others, it is important to understand that in some spectrometers spectral resolution degrades with an increase in the ratio of magnification to num...

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Synthesis and properties of styrene-EPDM-vinyl acetate graft polymer

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Synthesis of high rubber styrene–EPDM–acrylonitrile graft copolymer and its toughening effect on SAN

Synthesis of high rubber styrene–EPDM–acrylonitrile graft copolymer and its toughening effect on SAN

Synthesis of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene triblock copolymer‐g‐polylactic acid copolymer and its potential application as a toughener for polylactic acid

Imaging spectrometer fundamentals for researchers in the biosciences—A tutorial

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