Synthesis and pseudocapacitive studies of composite films of polyaniline and manganese oxide nanoparticles

Chen, Liang; Sun, Lijie; Luan, Feng; Liang, Ying; Li, Yat; Liu, Xiao Xia

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.12.036

Cited by 198 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Through various interchain/intrachain interactions (such as H-bonding, p-p interaction, van der Waals bonding and entanglement), the PANI chains can then aggregate to form nanofibers and/or nanogranules as shown in SEM pictures. 13,16,21,26,28,45 Owing to the long conjugated length and the polaron band induced by dopants, 15,[21][22][23]34 the ES PANI samples obtained at [HCl]¼1.0 M possess a high s of (4 ± 2)Â10 À2 S cm À1 ; after dedoping, s of the EB PANI samples is dramatically reduced to (7 ± 1)Â10 À11 S cm À1 . The crystallinity caused by the dopants for ES PANI, in contrast to the amorphous character of EB PANI, is identified by XRD.…”

Section: Xrd Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization of aniline under various concentrations of APS and HCl

Tang

Wang

Lin

et al. 2011

Polym J

103

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Effects from various initial molar ratios of aniline (AN), ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) and HCl ( [AN]: [APS]: [HCl]) on the polymerization of AN were investigated. First, a scheme derived from a molecular point of view was proposed to distinguish formation mechanisms based on their initial conditions. Thereafter, by choosing a relatively low ratio of Keywords: aniline; formation mechanism; phenazine-like oligomers; polyaniline INTRODUCTION Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most important conducting and semi-conducting polymers widely used in organic optoelectronic devices and has attracted considerable attention recently because of its tunable electrical conductivity, easy preparation from common chemicals and excellent thermal and environmental stabilities. 1,2 The electrical properties of PANI are sensitively dependent on its oxidation and protonation states, of which the emeraldine state (see Figure 1) with a wide range of electrical conductivity can be achieved by simple doping/dedoping chemistry based on acidic/basic reactions. 1-3 The conventional chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline (AN) is carried out in a strong acidic solution and initiated by adding an oxidant (such as ammonium peroxydisulfate, APS). 3 From a technical point of view, the above-mentioned preparation for PANI is a simple process, but the formation mechanism involves an intricate interplay of consecutive chemical and physical reactions. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] To account for the formation of PANI, the following basic mechanisms were reported. The redox reaction of neutral ANs with APS produces AN radicals. 4 Under a neutral or alkaline condition, the mixed ortho-para coupling of AN radicals together with oxidative intramolecular cyclization forms AN oligomers with phenazine-like structures at the initial stage (see Figures 2a and b for phenazine and phenazine-like trimer). 9-13 The oxidation of AN and AN oligomers with APS both release protons, and the pH of the solution falls. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In a strong acidic environment, the formation of a para-coupled structure

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Section: Xrd Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization of aniline under various concentrations of APS and HCl

Tang

Wang

Lin

et al. 2011

Polym J

103

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“…As is shown in Figure 1b, the PANI/MnO 2 composites still keep the similar graininess, even though some particles agglomerate together. The surface of the composites is very smooth, but not as coarse as the study of other researchers [35]. For the catalysis of MnO 2 to aniline, the PANI is synthesized on the surface of MnO 2 and the MnO 2 may be well wrapped inside by PANI.…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Sun et al fabricated PANI/MnO 2 composites (532 F/g) by exchange reaction of polyaniline and MnO 2 in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, which was tested in 0.1 M NaNO 3 solution [34]. Liang et al obtained the PANI/MnO 2 composites with the method of electroplating, the specific capacitance just reaches 80 F/g in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and 0.6 M (NaPO 3 ) 6 electrolyte [35]. All kinds of PANI/MnO 2 have been synthesized or modified by other materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Specific Capacitance of Polyaniline/Mesoporous Manganese Dioxide Composite Using KI-H2SO4 Electrolyte

Jiang

et al. 2015

Polymers

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Abstract:The PANI/Mesoporous MnO 2 composites were prepared through a simple one step method and we introduced the KI-H 2 SO 4 solution as the electrolyte of PANI/MnO 2 composites creatively. The characterization of structure, morphology, and composition are obtained by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravity analysis, Raman spectra, and scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical performances were investigated by constant-current charge-discharge, the voltammetry curve, and alternating current (AC) impedance technique. The specific capacitance of composites is 1405 F/g, which is almost 10 times larger than MnO 2 (158 F/g). We also find that the iodide concentration is closely related to the specific capacitance. Therefore, we explored the specific capacitance at different iodide concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 M), the results indicated that the specific capacitance reached a maximum value (1580 F/g) at 0.5 mol/L. Additionally, the PANI/Mesoporous MnO 2 composites not only exhibited a good ratio discharge property (857 F/g) at high current density, but also revealed an excellent cycling stability after 500 cycles, which retained 90% of the original specific capacitance.

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“…In a PANI-metal oxide nanocomposite, PANI not only serves as an electroactive material for energy storage but also as a good coating layer to restrain metal oxides from dissolution in acidic electrolytes. Chen et al [28] synthesized a very high performance PANI-MnO 2 nanocomposite using the following procedure: first, the hydroxylated MnO 2 nanoparticles were surface modified with silane coupling agent, ND42, then the obtained surface modified MnO 2 nanoparticles (ND-MnO 2 ) were washed and dried. Electro-co-polymerization of aniline and ND-MnO 2 nanoparticles was conducted on a carbon cloth in an electrolyte solution containing ND-MnO 2 , aniline, H 2 SO 4 and Na 3 PO 3 .…”

Section: Polyaniline (Pani) and Metal Oxide Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors: Characteristics and Properties

Yang¹

2012

Nanocomposites - New Trends and Developments

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Synthesis and pseudocapacitive studies of composite films of polyaniline and manganese oxide nanoparticles

Cited by 198 publications

References 37 publications

Polymerization of aniline under various concentrations of APS and HCl

Polymerization of aniline under various concentrations of APS and HCl

High Specific Capacitance of Polyaniline/Mesoporous Manganese Dioxide Composite Using KI-H2SO4 Electrolyte

Application of Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors: Characteristics and Properties

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