Synthesis and Raman characterization of boron-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes

McGuire, K.; Gothard, N.; Gai, Pratibha L.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Суманасекера, Гамини; Rao, Apparao M.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.11.001

Cited by 235 publications

(191 citation statements)

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“…Modification of CNTs has thus led to the creation of new functional and construction materials. 11 Doping of the carbonaceous materials with non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] boron, [20][21][22][23][24] sulphur, [25][26][27][28][29] oxygen [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and halogens 11,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] has been explored over the past two decades. Modification of the carbon surface and electronic properties has also been explored but the effect of chlorine (Cl) on the morphology of carbon nanomaterials is not well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

Maboya¹,

Coville²,

Mhlanga³

2016

S.Afr.j.chem.

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The effect of chlorine on the morphology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared from a Fe-Co/CaCO 3 catalyst was investigated using chlorobenzene (CB), dichlorobenzene (DCB), trichlorobenzene (TCB), dichloroethane (DCE), trichloroethane (TCE) and tetrachloroethane (TTCE) as chlorine sources using a catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) method. Toluene was used as a chlorine-free carbon source for comparison. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully synthesized. The physicochemical properties of the CNTs were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The inner and outer diameters of the MWCNTs increased with an increase in the number of chlorine atoms contained in the reactant. Chlorine incorporation into the MWCNTs was observed by EDS analysis for all reactants. Formation of 'bamboo-like' structures for the MWCNTs generated from TCE and TTCE was also observed, facilitated by the presence of the high percentage of chlorine in these reactants. Numerous MWCNTs revealed the presence of small carbon nanostructures that grew on top of the dominant CNTs, suggesting an unexpected secondary carbon growth mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

Maboya¹,

Coville²,

Mhlanga³

2016

S.Afr.j.chem.

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“…For reference, we give an example for moderate doping by nitrogen substitutions where v 2 ∼ (3 eV × S) 2 with S = √ 3a 2 /4 being the area for one carbon atom 48 and n = n a /S ∼ 0.001/S with n a being the ratio between the numbers of impurities and carbon atoms which is set to be one order of magnitude smaller than that for heavy doping n a ∼ 0.01. 49,50 It is marginal if the potential range for nitrogen substitutions is long or short since it is of the order of the lattice constant. 48 In the following, we will give results as realistic examples by using these values irrespective of the potential ranges for simplicity.…”

Section: B Interaction With Impurities and Acoustic Phononsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exciton scattering from impurities and acoustic phonons in carbon nanotubes

Fujimoto

Uryu

2013

Phys. Rev. B

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Exciton scattering from impurities and acoustic phonons in semiconducting carbon nanotubes is theoretically studied in an effective-mass approximation. A selection rule for transitions resulting from the scattering is obtained, showing that the ground-state exciton for the lowest-exciton band is never scattered from long-range impurities and deformation potentials near the band edge. This arises from the symmetry of nanotubes for the successive transformations of the charge conjugation and parity and for the reflection of the coordinate along the nanotube axis. Agreement of numerical results with recent experiments supports the validity of this selection rule.

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“…Os exemplos mais típicos desse tipo de funcionalização são os nanotubos de carbono dopados com N 70 , B [71][72][73] , ou ambos 74,75 . Esses sistemas dopados são interessantes, pois aumentam significativamente a reatividade dos nanotubos.…”

Section: Figura 7 -(A) Mostra O Encapsulamento De Um Nanotubo Por Dnunclassified

Funcionalização de nanotubos de Carbono

Filho

Fagan

2007

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 28/7/06; aceito em 18/1/07; publicado na web em 25/9/07 FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES. Carbon nanotubes are very stable systems having considerable chemical inertness due to the strong covalent bonds of the carbon atoms on the nanotube surface. Many applications of carbon nanotubes require their chemical modification in order to tune/control their physico-chemical properties. One way of achieving this control is carrying out functionalization processes where atoms and molecules interact (covalent or non-covalent) with the nanotubes. We review some of the progress that has been made in chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes. Emphasis is given to chemical strategies, the most used techniques, and applications.Keywords: carbon nanotubes; functionalization; nanomaterials. INTRODUÇÃOOs nanomateriais, em geral, são muito importantes porque se diferenciam de forma dramática dos seus precursores "bulk". As propriedades destes materiais são determinadas pelo tamanho e pela morfologia, originando uma fascinante sintonia em suas propriedades físico-químicas. Talvez os exemplos mais claros e ilustrativos desses fenômenos possam ser tomados da ciência do carbono após a descoberta dos fulerenos, em 1985 1 , e dos nanotubos de carbono, em 1991 2 . Os nanotubos de carbono, assunto dessa revisão, são sistemas modelo para a nanociência e a nanotecnologia. Essas novas estruturas de carbono são bastante versáteis para se integrarem a diferentes áreas do conhecimento e são capazes de promover uma inter/multidisciplinaridade muito forte. Hoje, as pesquisas em nanotubos de carbono cruzam as fronteiras da física, da química, das ciências dos materiais, da biologia e desenvolvem-se rapidamente no campo da farmacologia.Os nanotubos de carbono, quanto ao número de camadas, podem ser classificados em duas formas: nanotubos multicamadas ("multi-wall carbon nanotubes -MWNTs") e camada simples ("single-wall carbon nanotubes -SWNTs"). Um tipo especial de MWNT é o nanotubo de parede dupla ("double-wall carbon nanotubes -DWNTs"). Uma ou outra forma de nanotubos apresenta-se mais apropriada dependendo da aplicação desejada. Os MWNTs foram observados pela primeira vez por Iijima 2 , em 1991. Dois anos depois, em contribuições independentes, Iijima e colaboradores 3 no Japão e Bethune e colaboradores 4 nos EUA publicaram simultaneamente a síntese dos SWNTs. Recentemente debate-se a quem devem ser atribuídos os créditos da descoberta dos nanotubos de carbono 5 . Entretanto, não há dúvidas que a área de pesquisa em nanotubos consolida-se após o trabalho de Iijima 2 . A Figura 1 mostra imagens de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM) de MWNTs, DWNTs e SWNTs. O avanço das pesquisas em nanotubos de carbono foi claramente impulsionado pelo desenvolvimento dos processos de síntese, levando à produção de feixes de nanotubos do tipo SWNT com boa qualidade. Esse avanço foi realizado pelo grupo do Prof. Smalley na Rice University 6 e tornou possível a execução de estudos de microscopia 7,8 e de espectroscopia 9 que permitiram...

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Synthesis and Raman characterization of boron-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes

Cited by 235 publications

References 40 publications

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

Exciton scattering from impurities and acoustic phonons in carbon nanotubes

Funcionalização de nanotubos de Carbono

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