Synthesis and reactions of 3‐pyrrolidinones

Abstract

N O R R 1 I This review presents a survey of the synthetic methods and reactions of 3-pyrrolidinones I (R = H, alkyl, acyl, ester; R 1 = H, alkyl, cyano, ester, etc). 3-Pyrrolidinones are synthetically versatiles substrate, as they can be used for synthesis of a large variety of heterocyclic compounds, such as indoles and 5-deazapteroic acid analogues and as a raw material for drug synthesis. The high reactivity of an active methylene group next to the carbonyl of the pyrrolidine ring is useful for various syntheses.

Crystal structure of (Z)-4-((E)-(4-chlorobenzyli-dene)hydrazono)-1-p-tolylpyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile, C19H17ClN4

“…used as inhibitors for thrombin, and as antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive drugs [7][8][9][10][11]. The asymmetric unit comprises one molecule.…”

Synthesis, Characterization and antimicrobial activity of novel pyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile derivatives,

“…[1] They possess antiinflammatory, [2] antitumor, [3] antihistaminic, [4] antihypertensive, [5] antimicrobial, [6] hypnotic, [7] anticonvulsant, [8] antiparkinsonian [9] activities. Among these starting materials for generating diverse pyrrolidne derivatives, pyrrolidinones [10] showed to be attractive ones as they possess both electrophilic and nucleophilic centers enabling them to react with various reagents. 4-cyano-pyrrolidin-3-ones [11,12] are particularly interesting precursors for synthesis of pyrrolidines.…”

An Overview of the Literature on the Synthetic Routes to Azolyloxadiazoles

“…Pyrazole‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives as sphingosine‐1‐phosphate agonists are used in the treatment of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases . In the view of the aforementioned facts and in connection to our previous review articles about biheterocycles and other biologically active heterocyclic systems , we decided to carry out a detailed literature survey of different azoles linked directly to oxadiazoles. This review presents useful and up‐to‐date information of methodologies used to synthesize azolyloxadiazole derivatives reported in the literature.…”