Synthesis and reactivity of spiro-fused β-lactams

1-(Morpholin-4-yl)-4-(2-nitrophenyl)spiro[azetidine-3,9′-xanthen]-2-one

“…(Arya et al, 2014;Singh & Sudheesh, 2014;Zeng et al, 2014;Zarei et al, 2013). In addition to their well recognized antibiotic activity, β-lactams exhibit various other biological activities such as thrombin, human, HIV-1 protease, human leukocyte elastase, cholesterol absorption inhibition and antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic and potential antimalarial properties (Mehta et al, 2010;Singh et al, 2011;Ebrahimi & Jarrahpour, 2014). The synthesis and chemistry of spiro-fused 2-azetidinones has grown steadily over the years and many newly synthesized spiro-fused 2-azetidinones have been reported in the literature (Jarrahpour & Ebrahimi, 2010;Singh et al, 2011).…”

“…For general background to -lactams, see: Arya et al (2014); Ebrahimi & Jarrahpour (2014); Singh & Sudheesh (2014); Zeng et al (2014); Zarei et al (2013); Jarrahpour & Ebrahimi (2010); Mehta et al (2010); Singh et al (2011). For geometric analysis, see : Cremer & Pople (1975); Nardelli (1995).…”

Emerging Trends in Chemistry and Pharmacology of b-Lactams

“…The early investigations in organic chemistry were focused on development of synthetic methodologies because of delicacies involved in construction of four-membered strained ring whereas the researches in medicinal chemistry focused on broadening the spectrum of antibacterial activity. These studies led to development of several novel methodologies for construction of the β-lactam ring and discovery of several β-lactam antibiotics such as monobactams, cephalosporins, carbapenams, trinems, etc [1][2][3][4]. With the advent of stereochemistry and knowledge of its significance in determining the bioactivity, synthetic efforts concentrated on development of stereoselective methodologies -both diastereo-and enantioselective.…”

Reactivity of 2-substituted hydrazinecarbothioamides towards tetracyanoethylene and convenient synthesis of (5-amino-2-diazenylthiazolylmethylene)malononitrile derivatives

“…[1][2][3][4][5] For example, naturally occurring and synthetic thiazoles find applications as antibiotics and anti-inflammatories, [4][5][6][7][8] while selected aminothiazoles act as inhibitors of human cancer and Alzheimer`s disease. [9][10][11] The syntheses of thiazoles and 2-aminothiazoles have been studied extensively, 12,13 however, the preparation of 5-aminothiazoles has not been so widely reported.…”