Synthesis and regulation mechanism of bio-oil–glucose phenolic resin using furfural as cross-linking agent

Covalently bound humin-lignin hybrids as important novel substructures in organosolv spruce lignins

“…Listed motifs, structurally depicted in case of lignin structural features in Figure 1, and in case of humin-type structures in Figure 3, were identified on the basis of literature reports. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] It is important to note that the HSQC-derived data shown in the table, albeit being semiquantitative, allow for the delineation of the discussed relative trends on the basis of a comparable amount of lignin analysed for each sample and the standardised sample preparations.…”

“…In the present study, conditions were seen especially suitable in systems with an increased acidity and time-determined severity factor suitable to not only favour degradation of sugars, but also their subsequent reaction in terms of acid-catalysed nucleophilic additions, ring-openings, and acetal formations. Figure 3 shows structural features of 5-HMF and humins, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] identified as key motifs and considered stable enough to be found in the isolated lignin and detectable in spectroscopic analysis. 5-HMF-based and -characterising cross-peaks are unambiguously detectable in the HSQC spectra of the isolated lignin fractions (Table 1).…”

Novel transparent lignin/epoxy resin nanocomposite film development with enhanced UV resistance performance

“…On the contrary, epoxy resin is widely used as a thermosetting polymer due to its versatility in the fabrication of polymeric composites for a range of structural components, including those found in aviation, transportation, and automotive industries. [12][13][14] The resins possess a higher degree of chemical cross-linking, 15,16 making them brittle and inherently exhibit weak resistance against crack propagation. The improved performance of composites via the use of epoxy polymeric resin has emerged as a captivating and auspicious field of study for scholars, researchers, and industry professionals.…”

Glucose-Lignin-Based Phenolic Resin: An Environmentally Friendly Low-Formaldehyde Wood Adhesive

“…Sui et al (2019) used alkali catalysis to prepare phenol-glucose resin through the nucleophilic addition of phenol and glucose. Cheng et al (2022) used bio-oil instead of phenol and glucose substitute part of formaldehyde to prepare bio-oil-formaldehyde-glucose (BFG) resins. The direct use of lignin to substitute formaldehyde without pretreatment and glucose modi ed phenolic resin can not only make the preparation process simpler and greener, but also reduce the production cost, which has great economic signi cance for industrial utilization.…”