Synthesis and salt‐free dyeing characteristics of cationic reactive dyes containing polyetheramine segments

Abstract

A series of cationic reactive dyes containing both quaternary ammonium and polyetheramine as soluble groups and monochlorotriazine as a reactive group have been synthesised and applied to cellulose fibre by salt-free exhaust dyeing. Investigation of the synthesis method and dyeing properties of these cationic reactive dyes showed that the best pH value for these dyes is 6, and also that these cationic reactive dyes give a high substantivity to cellulose. In the salt-free dyeing process, their adsorption was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm during the primary exhaustion stage, but in the secondary exhaustion stage the adsorption was in accordance with the Freundlich isotherm, and their secondary exhaustion reached up to 96% and above. Moreover, the degree of fixation, the levelling, and the transfer properties on cotton fabric were good. Light fastness reached grade 5-6, washing, perspiration, and dry rubbing fastness reached grade 4 and above, but wet rubbing fastness reached only grade 3-4.

Telechelic PEG‐polymers end‐capped with chromophores: Using as cationic reactive dyes and salt‐free dyeing properties on cotton fabrics

“…From Figure 12, the experimental data fit the nonlinearized Langmuir isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. This means that the Langmuir model is of better applicability for telechelic polymeric cationic reactive dye adsorption onto cotton fiber, and the conclusion is in agreement with the dyeing results from our previous research 22 and with those of anionic reactive dye adsorption onto cationic cellulose fiber 64,69–71 …”

“…The fabrics were dyed with telechelic polymeric cationic reactive dyes (4% owf) without the addition of any salts and exhibited good fastness, except for the fastness to wet rubbing of samples dyed with BCD‐Y (Table 3). Both kinds of fastness (rubbing and washing) of BCD‐R and BCD‐B are over 4–5 grade and are higher than those of previously reported cationic reactive dyes 22,30 . The telechelic polymeric cationic reactive dyes are fixed on cotton fabrics with two MCT and two cationic groups.…”

A Feasible Method Applied to One-Bath Process of Wool/Acrylic Blended Fabrics with Novel Heterocyclic Reactive Dyes and Application Properties of Dyed Textiles

“…The reactive group in the molecular structure of dye reacts with the wool fiber to form the covalent bond and the cationic group combines with acrylic fiber via the ionic bond, realizing the one-bath dyeing of wool/acrylic blended fabrics (shown in Figure 1) [13]. To date, a series of reactive dyes containing cationic groups reported with red and yellow based on aniline-based and anthraquinone as chromophores has been described [14][15][16][17]. However, most reactive dyes have shown little substantivity for wool and acrylic fiber at the same time and exhibited some shortages in terms of color-deepening, color fastness, and brightness of shade.…”

Modification of cotton fabrics with 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride for salt-free dyeing with anionic dyes

“…The used inorganic salts in the dye effluents are not easy to be recycled, resulting in concerns to environmental health and safety (Khatri et al 2015). Thus, many approaches have been made to reduce residual dyes or eliminate the use of salts in the dyeing processes, including: (1) synthesis of dyes with improved affinity or reactivity toward cotton cellulose (Wang et al 2016;Xiao et al 2017;Zhang and Zhang 2015;Zheng et al 2012); (2) modification of cotton cellulose by introducing stronger dye interactive groups (Arivithamani and Giri Dev, 2017;Fang et al 2017;Fang et al 2019;Hauser and Tabba 2001;Ma et al 2016;Ma et al 2017;Sadeghi-Kiakhani and Safapour 2018;Samanta et al 2015;Samanta et al 2016;Toprak et al 2018); and (3) varying the solvent system of dyeing (Dong et al 2019;Mu et al 2019;Wang et al 2018;Xia et al 2018;Zhao et al 2018).…”