“…9 Dihydropyrimidinones have been prepared by employing protic acids, [10][11][12] Lewis acids, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] triflates, 29,30 microwave irradiation, [31][32][33][34] ionic liquids 35,36 and clays. 37,38 Unfortunately, many of these processes suffer major or minor limitations, such as drastic reaction conditions, low yields, expensive and toxic reagents, stoichiometric amounts of catalysts, strongly acidic conditions, long reaction time, and incompatibility with other functional groups. Very recently, Sr(NO 3 ) 2 , 39 polyoxometalate catalysts, 40 12-molybdophosphoric acid, 41 silica-supported heteropoly acid, 42 Dowex-50W, 43 modified zeolite-type E4a, 44 and natural HEU type zeolite, 45 aqueous HBF 4 , 46 and polyaniline-HBF 4 -dodecyl hydrogensulfate, 47 have been used for Biginelli cyclocondensation to give dihydropyrimidinones.…”