Synthesis and upconversion luminescent properties of Er3+ doped and Er3+–Yb3+ codoped GdOCl powders

Synthesis and up-conversion luminescence properties of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Sr2CeO4 phosphors

“…To overcome these drawbacks and enhance the UC emission efficiency, Yb 3+ ions are generally used as co-doped ions because they have a due to their large absorption cross-section of 11.7 × 10 −21 cm 2 around 980 nm and can efficiently transfer the excitation energy to other activators [11][12][13][14][15]. Therefore, the Yb 3+ -Er 3+ couple is also used to produce visible green or red UC emission [16]. The UC efficiency of a phosphor is mainly dependent on the host lattice and the interaction between the host lattice and doped ions.…”

Small Upconverting Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Biosensing and Bioimaging

“…[ 33 ] Additionally, to minimize loss in UC emission caused by phonon-induced non-radiative process, host lattice with a lower cut-off phonon energy is generally preferred. [36][37][38][39][40][41] The fl uoride material NaYF 4 has the lowest cutoff energy, which might explain its popularity as host material in the majority of biosensors featured in this article. [36][37][38][39][40][41] The fl uoride material NaYF 4 has the lowest cutoff energy, which might explain its popularity as host material in the majority of biosensors featured in this article.…”

“…[ 62 ] The general considerations of enzyme-based biosensor include enzyme kinetics [ 63 ] and reversibility, [ 64 ] which are respectively related to biosensor response time and complete conversion of substrate. The cofactors are either tightly bound to Oxychlorides (GdOCl) 500 [ 37 ] Oxides (Y 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 ) ≈500-550 [ 38,39 ] Oxysulfi de (Y 2 O 2 S) 520 [ 40 ] Vanadates (YVO 4 ) 890 [ 41 ] REVIEW the protein structure (prosthetic group) or are temporary and independent substance weakly bounded (cosubstrate) during catalytic processes. [ 65 ] Most enzymes require a non-protein cofactor to achieve its catalytic function.…”

“…[ 33 ] Table 1 summarizes the cut-off phonon energy of various host materials. [36][37][38][39][40][41] The fl uoride material NaYF 4 has the lowest cutoff energy, which might explain its popularity as host material in the majority of biosensors featured in this article.…”

“…[ 65 ] Most enzymes require a non-protein cofactor to achieve its catalytic function. The cofactors are either tightly bound to Oxychlorides (GdOCl) 500 [ 37 ] Oxides (Y 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 ) ≈500-550 [ 38,39 ] Oxysulfi de (Y 2 O 2 S) 520 [ 40 ] Vanadates (YVO 4 ) 890 [ 41 ] REVIEW the protein structure (prosthetic group) or are temporary and independent substance weakly bounded (cosubstrate) during catalytic processes. For instance, the prosthetic group fl avin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) [ 67 ] and cosubstrate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), [ 68 ] both work by exchanging electrons and hydrogen ions between enzyme and substrate, known as redox reactions.…”