Synthesis and use of a surface-active initiator in emulsion polymerization under AGET and ARGET ATRP conditions

Cheng, Chuanjie; Shu, Jinbing; Gong, Shan‐Shan; Shen, Liang; Qiao, Yingjie; Fu, Changqing

doi:10.1039/b9nj00307j

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Over the past two decades, there has been considerable interest in using controlled living radical polymerization techniques to prepare amphiphilic diblock copolymers in the form of nanoparticles in aqueous media via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] PISA occurs in situ when a watersoluble homopolymer is chain-extended with an appropriate second monomer. The growing second block gradually becomes insoluble in the reaction solution, which drives in situ self-assembly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles via RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate

et al. 2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles via RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate

et al. 2021

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“…Based on literature survey, many previous studies [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ] reported a well-controlled AGET ATRP of MMA in emulsion polymerization using the two-step method to synthesize polymers with a low polydispersity index (Ð), narrow experimental number-average molar mass (M n ), and high initiation efficiency. For instance, Cheng et al [ 34 ] performed a well-controlled emulsion AGET ATRP of MMA using a surface-active initiator. Li [ 35 ] conducted a two-step AGET ATRP of MMA and good colloidal stability for both microemulsion and emulsion polymerization was reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Methyl Methacrylate in Stirred Batch Emulsion Reactor: AGET ATRP Approach

2020

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This study examines the ab initio emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiated by an eco-friendly reducing agent to produce poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer with controlled characteristics in a 2 L stirred batch reactor. The effect of the reaction temperature, surfactant concentration, monomer to water ratio, and stirring speed was thoroughly investigated. The results showed that PMMA coagulation becomes quite severe at a certain temperature threshold. However, the coagulation could be avoided at mild reaction temperature, since the outcomes showed that loading more surfactant to the system under high mixing speed has balanced the polymer mixture and yielded high monomer conversion. The PMMA product was analyzed by gravimetry and GPC measurements and after 5 h of polymerization at a reaction temperature of 50 °C, monomer conversion of 64.1% was obtained, and PMMA polymer samples produced had an average molar mass of 4.5 kg/mol and a polydispersity index of 1.17. The structure of the PMMA polymer was successfully proved by FTIR and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results confirm the living feature of MMA AGET ATRP in emulsion medium and recommend further investigation for other types of surfactant.

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“…Over the years, a variety of control methodologies for radical polymerizations have been developed with atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and nitroxide‐ mediated polymerization being by far the most prominent techniques. A high level of control during the polymerization as well as the ability to tune the polymer properties is easily reached, making these techniques highly favorable for the synthesis of complex polymer architectures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kinetics of n‐Butyl Acrylate Radical Polymerization Revealed in a Single Experiment by Real Time On‐line Mass Spectrometry Monitoring

Haven

Zaquen

Rubens

et al. 2017

Macro Reaction Engineering

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The high‐temperature trithiocarbonate‐mediated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate is studied using a high‐resolution mass spectrometric on‐line monitoring method. Therefore, an Orbitrap mass spectrometer, ideally suited for polymer analysis, is coupled to a continuous flow microreactor. Via adjustment of flow rates in the reactor, time sweep experiments can be carried out to allow monitoring a whole polymerization in a single experiment. The n‐butyl acrylate polymerization is monitored in a temperature interval between 100 and 190 °C for reaction times between 1 and 10 minutes. In all cases, full monomer conversions are reached and even at the highest temperatures still relatively good molecular weight control and reasonably low dispersities are obtained. End group analysis from mass spectrometry reveals, however, that the desired RAFT product is already at the lower temperatures less abundant than some side products. The herein described on‐line monitoring technique gives access to quasi‐continuous data acquisition, and is found to be very robust, and low in scattering when compared to classical batch sampling techniques.

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Synthesis and use of a surface-active initiator in emulsion polymerization under AGET and ARGET ATRP conditions

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Synthesis of diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles via RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate

Synthesis of diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles via RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate

Experimental Investigation of Methyl Methacrylate in Stirred Batch Emulsion Reactor: AGET ATRP Approach

The Kinetics of n‐Butyl Acrylate Radical Polymerization Revealed in a Single Experiment by Real Time On‐line Mass Spectrometry Monitoring

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