Synthesis and Use of Imidazolium Bound Rose Bengal Derivatives for Singlet Oxygen Generation

Fall, Abdou Salam

doi:10.2174/1874095201206010021

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

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Oxidative Cleavage of Furans

Merino

2015

Organic Reactions

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Oxidative ring cleavage reactions of furans constitute a group of important transformations that have found wide utility in synthetic organic chemistry. These processes have been used to prepare a variety of 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds including 1,4‐dioxoalkenes, 4‐oxoalkenals, 4‐oxoalkenoic acids, and their derivatives such as 4‐hydroxybutenolides and 2,5‐dialkoxydihydrofurans. Oxidations of furfuryl alcohols (Achmatowicz reaction) and furfuryl amines (aza‐Achmatowicz reaction) provide access to highly functionalized heterocyclic structures that have been employed as intermediates in synthetic routes for the preparation of complex molecules including carbohydrates and alkaloids. Complete oxidative degradation of the furan ring affords carboxylic acids; thus the oxygen heterocycle has served as a masked carboxyl group in many synthetic studies. These transformations and their applications in total syntheses are covered in this chapter.

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Oxidative Cleavage of Furans

Merino

2015

Organic Reactions

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Stimuli‐Responsive Miktoarm Polymer‐Based Formulations for Fisetin Delivery and Regulatory Effects in Hyperactive Human Microglia

Baghbanbashi

Yong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Branched star polymers offer exciting opportunities in enhancing the efficacy of nanocarriers in delivering biologically active lipophilic agents. It is demonstrated that the star polymeric architecture can be leveraged to yield soft nanoparticles of vesicular morphology with precisely located stimuli‐sensitive chemical entities. Amphiphilic stars of AB2 (A = PEG, B = PCL) composition with/without oxidative stress or reduction responsive units at the core junction of A and B arms, are constructed using synthetic articulation. Fisetin, a natural flavonoid with remarkable anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but of limited clinical value due to its poor aqueous solubility, is physically encapsulated into miktoarm star‐derived aqueous polymersomes. Polymersomes and fisetin are evaluated separately, and in combination, in human microglia (HMC3), to show if i) polymersomes are toxic; ii) fisetin reduces the abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS); and iii) fisetin modulates the activation of ERK1/2. These signaling molecules and pathways are implicated in inflammatory processes and cell survival. Fisetin, both incorporated and nonincorporated into polymersomes, reduces ROS and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide‐treated human microglia, normalizing excessive oxidative stress and ERK‐mediated signaling.

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