Over the past decades, cancer has been a challenging domain for medicinal chemists as it is an international health concern. In association, small molecules such as 2‐aminothiophenes and their derivatives showed significant antitumor activity through variable modes of action. Therefore, this article aims to review the advances regarding these core scaffolds over the past 10 years, where 2‐aminothiophenes and their fused analogs are classified and discussed according to their biological activity and mode of action, in the interest of boosting new design pathways for medicinal chemists to develop targeted antitumor candidates.