Synthesis by sol-gel method and characterization of nano-TiO2 powders

Sadek, Otmane; Touhtouh, Samira; Rkhis, M.; Anoua, Rania; Jouad, Mohamed El; Belhora, Fouad; Hajjaji, Abdelowahed

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.385

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is characterized by two steps: hydrolysis and condensation of a molecular precursor. The precursor used for the preparation of TiO 2 can be titanium isopropoxide or inorganic salt such as titanium tetrachloride [219,220] . As discussed by Macwan et al .…”

Section: Synthesis and Modification Of Tio2mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Modification of Titanium Dioxide‐Based Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment

Tanos,

Razzouk,

Lesage

et al. 2023

ChemSusChem

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It has become necessary to develop effective strategies to prevent and reduce water pollution as a result of the increase in dangerous pollutants in water reservoirs. Consequently, there is a need to design new catalyst materials to promote the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in the field of wastewater treatment plant to ensure the mineralization of trace organic contaminants. A notable approach gaining attention involves the coupling of sulfate radicals‐based AOPs to photocatalysis or electrocatalysis processes, aiming to achieve the complete removal of refractory contaminants into water and carbon dioxide. Titanium dioxide as metal oxide has received great attention for its catalytic application in water purification. TiO2 catalysts offer a multitude of advantages in AOPs. They are characterized by their high photocatalytic activity under both ultraviolet and visible light, making them environmentally friendly due to the absence of toxic byproducts during oxidation. Their versatility is remarkable, finding utility in various AOPs, from photocatalysis to photo‐Fenton processes. TiO2′s durability ensures long‐lasting catalytic activity, which is crucial for continuous treatment processes, and their cost‐effectiveness is particularly advantageous. Furthermore, their chemical stability allows it to withstand varying pH conditions. However, the large band gap energy and low electrical conductivity hinder the catalytic reaction effectiveness. This review aims to examine various approaches to enhance the catalytic performance of titanium dioxide, with the objective of enabling more efficient water purification methods.

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Section: Synthesis and Modification Of Tio2mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Modification of Titanium Dioxide‐Based Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment

Tanos,

Razzouk,

Lesage

et al. 2023

ChemSusChem

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“…Compared with other liquid-phase methods, the sol–gel method has the following advantages: high purity of products, uniform distribution of various components, fine and narrowly distributed particle size, controllable morphology, and accurate and controllable chemical composition. , Sol refers to a uniform dispersion system composed of colloidal particles with a diameter of 1–100 nm dispersed in the medium . The gel is a rigid network structure consisting of submicron pores and micron polymers, which is dried and calcined to obtain ultrafine nanoparticles. , However, because of the high specific surface area and surface energy, nanocrystalline powders can easily agglomerate . Generally, agglomeration can be divided into two categories, namely, soft agglomeration between particles connected by weak Van der Waals forces and hard agglomeration between particles connected by strong chemical bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 The gel is a rigid network structure consisting of submicron pores and micron polymers, which is dried and calcined to obtain ultrafine nanoparticles. 33,34 However, because of the high specific surface area and surface energy, nanocrystalline powders can easily agglomerate. 35 Generally, agglomeration can be divided into two categories, namely, soft agglomeration between particles connected by weak Van der Waals forces and hard agglomeration between particles connected by strong chemical bonds.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sintering Properties of Tetragonal Zirconia Nanopowder Preparation of the NaCl + KCl Binary System by the Sol–Gel–Flux Method

Qiu¹,

Zhang²,

Huang³

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Tetragonal zirconia nanopowders (3Y-TZP NPs) stabilized by 3 mol % Y2O3 were synthesized by a novel sol–gel–flux method. The effects of calcination temperature, Y2O3 content, and molten salt system (NaCl + KCl binary system and NaCl unary system) on the phase composition and morphology of nanopowders (NPs) were investigated. Meanwhile, the sintering properties of the prepared 3Y-TZP NPs were studied. The 3Y-TZP NPs and sintered ceramics were characterized by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The results show that the optimum calcination temperature for obtaining dispersed ZrO2 NPs is reduced from 800 to 660 °C when the NaCl unary system is substituted by the NaCl + KCl binary system. 3Y-TZP NPs with a single tetragonal phase are obtained in the NaCl + KCl binary system when Y2O3 content in the raw material is 5 mol %. The average particle size of the obtained ZrO2 NPs is reduced from 47.25 nm in the unary system to 26.18 nm in the binary system because of the lower calcining temperature. Furthermore, the 3Y-TZP NPs obtained in the binary system have narrower particle size distribution and better sintering performance than ZrO2 NPs obtained in the unary system. After sintering for 4 h at 1200 °C, the former generated 3Y-TZP ceramics with higher density and finer grain size. This work produced narrow-distributed well-dispersed 3Y-TZP NPs with quasi-spherical morphology, which are good candidates for the applications, including oxygen sensors and thermal barrier coatings.

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“…To date, one of the major challenges facing our society is the dramatic increase in energy demand around the world. − This increase is accompanied by dwindling fossil fuel reserves, rising costs, the pollution caused by their use, and geopolitical concerns. To solve these problems, seeking alternative energy sources is imperative. − Such a move requires significant scientific and technological advances in renewable energy, clean energy sources, and electric propulsion such as electric vehicles . In this regard, electrochemical energy storage technologies are being promoted as the best option to meet the growing energy demand .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the Electrochemical Performance of Olivine Phosphate Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries by Strain Engineering: Computational Experiments

Rkhis

Laasri

Touhtouh

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The open-circuit voltage (OCV), Li-ion diffusion, and electronic properties of a cathode material can significantly affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, DFT + U was carried out to investigate the effect of strain engineering in terms of biaxial compressive and tensile strains (BCS and BTS) on the electrochemical properties of olivine-based LiMPO 4 (M = Co and Ni). The results show that biaxial compressive strain decreased the average bond lengths of O− Co/Ni and O−P, which means a good improvement in the structural stability of LiCoPO 4 (LCP) and LiNiPO 4 (LNP). The deployment of BCS and BTS reduced the open-circuit voltage of the LCP and LNP systems. Precisely, imposing a biaxial strain of about ε = ±3.5% for LCP and ε = ±5.5% for LNP reduced the high OCV to values below 4.5 V vs Li/Li + , which is recommended for most commercial liquid electrolyte operation. In addition, it was found that biaxial strain reduces the energy barrier for Li + diffusion, which promotes Li + diffusion and increases its mobility in these olivine crystal structures. Further analysis of the electronic structures shows that BTS reduces the material's band gap and improves electronic conductivity. These results are promising for the commercial utilization of LCP and LNP as potential cathode material in next-generation LIBs like their famous big brother LFP.

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Synthesis by sol-gel method and characterization of nano-TiO2 powders

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Modification of Titanium Dioxide‐Based Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment

A Comprehensive Review on Modification of Titanium Dioxide‐Based Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment

Sintering Properties of Tetragonal Zirconia Nanopowder Preparation of the NaCl + KCl Binary System by the Sol–Gel–Flux Method

Tailoring the Electrochemical Performance of Olivine Phosphate Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries by Strain Engineering: Computational Experiments

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