Synthesis by successive ionic layer deposition (SILD) methodology and characterization of gold nanoclusters on the surface of tin and indium oxide films

Abstract

The ability of successive ionic layer deposition (SILD) technology to synthesize gold clusters on the surface of tin(IV) oxide and indium(III) oxide films is discussed. It was shown that during the process, concentration of active sites that are capable of absorbing gold ions, and the size of the gold particles thus formed, may be controlled by both concentration of the solutions used and the number of SILD cycles. Thus, SILD methodology, employing separate and multiple stages of adsorption and reduction of adsorbed species, has considerable potential for customizing the properties of the deposited metal nanoparticles. In particular, it is shown that during the deposition of gold nanoparticles on the surface of tin(IV) oxide and indium(III) oxide films by SILD methodology, conditions can be realized under which the size of gold nanoclusters may be controllably varied between 1–3 nm and 50 nm. A model is proposed for the formation of gold clusters during the SILD process.

The influence of gold nanoparticles on the conductivity response of SnO2-based thin film gas sensors

“…Detailed analysis of gold nanoparticle formation on the surface of SnO 2 films by the SILD method and further material characterization have been published previously [37]. This allows us to avoid repeating the previously published results and simply to state that SILD technology is capable to form gold nanopartiytsles with controlled size.…”

“…This allows us to avoid repeating the previously published results and simply to state that SILD technology is capable to form gold nanopartiytsles with controlled size. As established in [37], the size of the AuNPs depends on the conditions of the synthesis and increases with the number of deposition cycles used. Representative SEM images of SnO 2 films modified with Au by varying the M a n u s c r i p t 6 numbers of SILD cycles are shown in Fig.…”

“…The treatment time in each solution, including washing, varied in the range of 0.5-2 minutes. A more detailed description of this process can be found in [37].…”

“…This is consistent with data obtained for heterogeneous catalysis [7,8], where the most catalytically active clusters had a size of 2.5-3.0 nm. However, one should note that a further increase of deposition cycles, in which the gold nanoparticles appear on the SEM images and their size reaches 6-10 nm or more [37], is not accompanied by a sharp drop in sensor response, which should occur if the effect of the gold particles size on the catalytic activity is taken into account [7,8]. This result suggests that small particles can form on the surface of SnO 2 rather than exclusively after the first deposition cycles and that the gas-sensitive effect involves not only small but also large particles.…”

Synthesis of γ-MnOOH nanorods by successive ionic layer deposition method and their capacitive performance

“…The method is based on multiple and successive treatment of substrate by solutions of reagents which enter into reaction at its surface and form a layer of poorly soluble substance. The method is known to be used previously for the synthesis of sparingly soluble layers of oxides [28] , oxyfluorides [29] , fluorides [30] , sulfides [31] , as well as silver [32] , gold [33] , and their nanocomposites with metal oxides [34] . The distinctive features of this method are its capability of deposition of the layers of controlled thickness on the surface of parts of any shape, which are exactly the requirements to the methods of synthesis of the layers on the surface of electrodes for supercapacitors.…”