Synthesis, characterisation and bactericidal effect of ZnO nanoparticles via chemical and bio‐assisted (Silybum marianumin vitro plantlets and callus extract) methods: a comparative study

Abstract

Currently, the evolution of green chemistry in the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) with the usage of plants has captivated a great response. In this study, in vitro plantlets and callus of were exploited as a stabilising agent for the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs using zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide as a substitute for chemical method. The contemporary investigation defines the synthesis of ZnO NPs prepared by chemical and bio-extract-assisted methods. Characterisation techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray were used to confirm the synthesis. Although chemical and bio-assisted methods are suitable choices for NPs synthesis, the bio-assisted green assembly is advantageous due to superior stability. Moreover, this report describes the antibacterial activity of the synthesised NPs against standard strains of and .

Microbial Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Properties

“…The XRD spectrum line extension of diffraction peaks is an indication of the nano-meter range of the synthesized products, moreover, the diffraction peaks from other metal species was absent suggesting the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles are free from any other impurities. Similar results of the XRD analysis of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by using biological material are in close agreement with multiple studies (Azizi et al, 2014;Nazir et al, 2018;Sharmila et al, 2018).…”

Quantification of Silymarin in Silybi mariani fructus: Challenging the Analytical Performance of Benchtop vs. Handheld NIR Spectrometers on Whole Seeds

“…The conclusion may be drawn from assessing this literature that the performance of different miniaturized spectrometers varies and needs to be assessed in specific analytical scenarios and cannot be generalized. On the other hand, regarding S. marianum, NIR spectroscopy studies have only been performed regarding the determination of oil and major fatty acids content [13], the measurement of optimized formulas of silica and ZnO nanoparticles for better solubility of SLM in water [17,18], and the evaluation of SLM for bone tissue regeneration [19]. NIR spectroscopy is often used for on-field detection of an infection with Microbotryum sylibum and other diseases [20,21] or as a multispectral imaging tool to map milk thistle weed patches [22].…”

Green and chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: effects on in-vitro seedlings and callus cultures of Silybum marianum and evaluation of their antimicrobial and anticancer potential

“…C-ZNPs and G-ZNPs, as previously prepared by Nazir et al [24], were used in this study. For chemical synthesis, briefly, 2 M solution of NaOH was added drop-wise to 50 mL of 0.02 M solution of Zn(CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 .2H 2 O and stirred constantly.…”

“…Similarly, for green synthesis of ZnO-NPs, 1 mL of in-vitro whole plant and callus extracts, previously prepared by Nazir et al [24], were mixed separately in 50 mL of 0.02 M solution of Zn(CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 .2H 2 O and kept under constant stirring. 2 M solution of NaOH was added drop-wise until the pH reached 12, followed by formation of white precipitates that were washed and dried.…”