Synthesis, characterisation, investigation of flame retardancy properties and thermal stability of two new phosphoramides with cotton fabric

Gholivand, Khodayar; Faraghi, Mohammad; Barzegari, Azam; Fallah, Nasrin; Dušek, Michal; Eigner, Václav

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105568

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…In the FT-IR of the FRC-20 residues, C=C at 1561 cm −1 indicated that a stable aromatic carbon was formed after combustion [43]. The peaks at 1167, 1090, 981, 757 and 489 cm −1 represented the characteristic structure of ATPEPDPA [44][45][46]. A P-O-P absorption crest at 878 cm −1 suggested that the decomposition of ATPEPDPA during the heating process produced phosphoric acid and poly(metaphosphoric) acid, providing an acidic environment for cotton [47].…”

Section: Analysis Of Char Residuesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phosphamide-Based Washing-Durable Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabrics

Li,

Zhang,

Zhang

2024

Materials

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A formaldehyde-free reactive flame retardant, an ammonium salt of triethylenetetramine phosphoryl dimethyl ester phosphamide phosphoric acid (ATPEPDPA), was synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test (FT-IR), durability test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results suggested that ATPEPDPA was successfully grafted on cotton fabrics through a -N-P(=O)-O-C covalent bond. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 20 wt% ATPEPDPA-treated cotton was 44.6%, which met stringent washing standard after 50 laundering cycles (LCs). The high washing resistance of the ATPEPDPA-treated cotton was due to the p-π conjugation between the N atom and the P(=O) group in the flame-retardant molecule, which strengthened the stability of the -N-P(=O)-O-C bonds between ATPEPDPA and cellulose, and the -N-P(=O)-(O-CH3)2 groups in the ATPEPDPA. The cone calorimetric test showed that the treated cotton had excellent flame retardance. In addition, the TG and TG-IR tests suggested that ATPEPDPA performed a condensed flame retardance mechanism. Furthermore, the physical properties and hand feel of the treated cotton were well maintained. These results suggested that introducing -N-P(=O)-(O-CH3)2 and -N-P(=O)-(ONH4)2 groups into ATPEPDPA could significantly increase the fire resistance and durability of cotton fabrics.

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