Synthesis, characterization, and application of two new ionic liquids for the dehydration of heavy crude oil emulsions

Faqihi, Noorah A.; Abdullah, Mahmood M. S.; Al‐Lohedan, Hamad A.; Almarhoon, Zainab M.; Mohammad, Faruq

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119202

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Consequently, the water droplets are bonded to the hydrophilic chain of the demulsifier, hindering the separation process. 32 However, demulsifier concentrations significantly affected the EES with emulsions containing low WC; this parameter showed a low effect with increasing WC (50%), as seen in Figures 7 and 8C. As mentioned previously, this could be explained by the easy separation of emulsions comprising higher WC from those comprising lower WC.…”

Section: Effect Of Demulsifier Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 56%

Chemical separation of petroleum crude oil emulsions using two new poly(ionic liquid)s

Abdullah,

Al‐Lohedan

2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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This work aims to prepare new poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) and use them for crude oil emulsion separation (EES). PILs were synthesized by an opening ring reaction of hexadecylsuccinic anhydride (HAS) using polyethyleneimine branched MW 600 (PEI) and triethylenetetramine (TTA) in a one‐step procedure, obtaining PILs, HSPI‐PIL, and HSTA‐PIL, respectively. Chemical structure, interfacial tension, aggregate size, and thermal behavior were verified using several techniques. The efficiency of HSPI‐PIL and HSTA‐PIL toward EES was explored using different parameters, including water content (WC), demulsifier concentration, temperature, and pH value. The results indicated that EES proportionally increased with increased WC and temperature. The data also revealed that increased demulsifier concentration improved EES at low WC, for example, 10% and 30%; however, this parameter showed no significant effect with crude oil emulsion containing high WC, for example, 50%. Furthermore, HSPI‐PIL and HSTA‐PIL gave the maximum EES values at a pH of 7, while they decreased in acidic and basic mediums.

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Section: Effect Of Demulsifier Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 56%

Chemical separation of petroleum crude oil emulsions using two new poly(ionic liquid)s

Abdullah,

Al‐Lohedan

2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…All prepared emulsions showed high dispersion in organic solvents such as toluene and xylene, suggesting the formation of W/O emulsions. The performance of AILs as demulsifiers was investigated using the bottle test method described in our earlier work . The blank samples were prepared similarly and processed under the same operating conditions except for adding a demulsifier to verify the prepared emulsions’ stability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many demulsification methods are available, including chemical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, and biological . Chemical demulsification is one of the most commonly applied methods because of its low cost and fast separation. , Typically, a chemical demulsifier is added to crude oil emulsions to break their stability by enhancing the film-thinning rate and facilitating its replacement with a soft film. , Various chemicals have been employed as demulsifiers, including surfactants, polymeric surfactants, ionic liquids, poly ionic liquids, and nanoparticles. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionic liquids are defined as organic salts with melting points below 100 °C . They are suitable candidates as oilfield chemicals because of their unique properties, including low melting points, low vapor pressures, low costs, excellent rheology, and solubility in various organic and inorganic solvents. , Moreover, the ionic nature of AILs enhances their efficiency even in harsh conditions where conventional amphiphilic compounds cannot function, such as high temperatures, high pressures, and high salinity. , A suitable selection of cations and anions can control the amphiphilicity of synthesized ILs. As demulsifiers, AILs must be able to migrate through water/oil interfaces and reduce IFT at these interfaces without aggregating .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Performance of Two New Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids for Demulsification of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions

2023

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This work aims to synthesize and apply two novel amphiphilic ionic liquids (AILs) for the demulsification of water-in-crude oil (W/O) emulsions. To do that, 4-tetradecylaniline (TA) and 4-hexylamine (HA) were etherified using tetrethylene glycol (TEG) in the presence of bis(2chloroethoxyethyl)ether (BE) as a cross-linker, yielding corresponding ethoxylated amines TTB and HTB. The obtained ethoxylated amines TTB and HTB were quaternized with acetic acid (AA), obtaining corresponding AILs TTB-AA and HTB-AA. The chemical structures, surface tension (ST), interfacial tension (IFT), and micelle size were investigated with various techniques. The performance of TTB-AA and HTB-AA to demulsify W/O emulsions was investigated using different influencing factors, including the demulsifier concentration, water content, salinity, and pH. Additionally, the obtained results were compared with a commercial demulsifier. The results indicated that the demulsification performance (DP) increased as the demulsifier concentration increased and the water content decreased; however, increased salinity slightly improved the DP. The data also showed that the highest DPs were achieved at a pH of 7, which suggested a change in the chemical structure of these AILs at a lower and higher pH due to their ionic structure. Furthermore, TTB-AA demonstrated higher DP than HTB-AA, which could be explained by its higher ability to reduce IFT due to a longer alkyl chain than that of HTB-AA. Furthermore, TTB-AA and HTB-AA showed significant DP compared to the commercial demulsifier especially with W/O emulsions at low water content.

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“…However, their high cost motivated researchers to look for low-cost and more effective demulsifiers. − In our earlier works, different surface-active compounds were prepared through a short preparation route using low-cost materials. The prepared compounds were used for crude oil emulsion demulsification. − In the present work, new surface-active compounds were prepared in the one-pot reaction using low-cost materials via an opening ring of hexadecylsuccinic anhydride (HA) using tetraethylene glycol (TG) or poly(ethylene glycol)-400 (PG-400), yielding the corresponding surface-active compounds TGHA and PGHA. The obtained compounds were characterized using different techniques and applied for crude oil emulsion demulsification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Synthesis of Amphipathic Esters for Demulsification of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions

Abdullah,

Al-Lohedan,

Al-Maswari

2024

ACS Omega

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The current work aims to synthesize new amphipathic compounds, TGHA and PGHA, and investigate their demulsification performance (DP) in water-in-crude oil emulsions. Their chemical structures, thermal stability, interfacial activity, and micelle formation were investigated by different techniques. The bottle test method was used to investigate the effect of demulsifier concentration, water content, temperature, and demulsification time (DT) on the DP of TGHA and PGHA compared to a commercial demulsifier (CD). The results indicated that these parameters have a noticeable impact on the DP of TGHA and PGHA. The results also showed that TGHA exhibited higher DP than PGHA at all investigated parameters, which could be explained by increasing its hydrophobicity due to lower oxyethylene units in its structure than PGHA. An increase in these units means increased hydrophilicity, which led to obstruction of PGHA molecule diffusion in crude oil as a continuous phase. Moreover, TGHA gave a comparable DP with CD, as it gave a higher DP and shorter DT than CD at a higher water content (50%), while the latter achieved the highest DP and the shortest DT at a low water content (10%).

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Synthesis, characterization, and application of two new ionic liquids for the dehydration of heavy crude oil emulsions

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Chemical separation of petroleum crude oil emulsions using two new poly(ionic liquid)s

Chemical separation of petroleum crude oil emulsions using two new poly(ionic liquid)s

Synthesis and Performance of Two New Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids for Demulsification of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions

One-Pot Synthesis of Amphipathic Esters for Demulsification of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions

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