Synthesis, characterization and application of a novel ion hybrid imprinted polymer to adsorb Cd(II) in different samples

A Selective Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Cd(II) Based on a Carbon Paste Electrode Impregnated with a Novel Ion‐imprinted Hybrid Polymer

“…The synthesis of the Cd–IIHP has been previously developed by other authors [30]. To prepare Cd‐IIHP, 0.18 g of Cd(NO 3 ) 2 ⋅ 4H 2 O was dissolved in 10 mL of ethanol and mixed with 0.90 mL of VIN (functional monomer), 1 mL MP (functional organosilane), 1.2 mL MPS (coupling reagent for organic and inorganic phases), 1.1 mL TRIM (crosslinking agent) and 0.075 g AIBN (radical initiator), all added into the solution, successively.…”

“…The mixture was purged with N 2 for a period of 10 min and heated in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Afterwards, 2 mL of TEOS dissolved in ethanol and 0.95 mL of NaOH (1 mol L À 1 ) was added to provide adequate conditions for polymerization (60°C for 24 h under anaerobic conditions) [28,30]. The final IIHP was washed and the Cd(II) ions from the polymer were removed using a solution of HNO 3 (1 mol L À 1 ) and the filtered solution was analyzed by a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS) to ensure total removal of Cd(II) ions from the polymeric material.…”

“…Additionally, the non-ion imprinted hybrid polymer (NIHP) was synthesized following the same procedure in the absence of the Cd(II) ion. More details of the synthesis, structure (formation of the Cd(II) coordination complex) and characteristics of the IIHP have been described in previous work [30].…”

“…The IIHP polymer was synthesized using 1‐vinylimidazole (VIN) and (3‐mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MP) as monomer and functional organosilane, respectively. The binding sites are formed by the S atom of MP and by the N atom of the VIN monomer, which are capable of forming coordination complexes with Cd(II) [30]. The corresponding non ion‐imprinted hybrid polymer (NIHP) was prepared for comparison reasons using the same procedure but without analyte.…”

“…The sensor showed a detection limit of 0.31 ng mL À 1 and a linear detection range between 2.0 ng mL À 1 and 200 ng mL À 1 . Although an IIP was used in both works to modify the working electrode and good results were achieved, the influence of imprinted IIH polymers on the efficiency of the sensors could lead to better results not only in terms of selectivity but also stability due to the good physical-chemical properties and particular morphological characteristics associated with the organic and inorganic nature of such polymers [25,[28][29][30].…”