Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots

Graphene Quantum Dots – Hydrothermal Green Synthesis, Material Characterization and Prospects for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis Applications: A Review

“…Characteristic IR peaks around 3400 cm −1 , 1600 cm −1, and 1350 cm −1 , which are indicative of OH, C=C, and C=O bonds, are widely reported in GQDs [102] . The presence or absence of certain peaks in the IR spectrum may be used to comment on the differences between the precursor molecules and GQDs and may be further extrapolated to confirm the conversion of precursor molecules to GQDs.…”

“…On the other hand, electrochemical cutting generally utilizes chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown carbon precursors and is hence expensive [100,101] . Also, GQDs synthesized by the top‐down method from these precursors suffer from high surface defects, which affect the nanostructures’ aromatic arrangement and hence conductivity [102] . Apart from these, this method requires a longer reaction time, which confers difficulty in controlling the size and surface composition of GQDs.…”

“…[56] Although many review articles discuss different preparation methodologies and applications of GQDs, most of them are concerned with chemical, non-green synthesis methodologies. [76][77][78][79][80] There are very few review articles that have discussed green synthesis procedures of carbon-based QDs. However, they are either concerned with CQD synthesis, or have referred to GQDs and CQDs interchangeably.…”

Shedding Light on Graphene Quantum Dots: Key Synthetic Strategies, Characterization Tools, and Cutting-Edge Applications

“…Investigation of the morphological, structural, chemical, and optical properties of GQDs is performed by various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques: transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS, XRD, UV–visible spectroscopy, and PL spectroscopy [ 151 ]. In the following section, the most frequently used techniques and obtained results are discussed.…”

“…HR-TEM can be combined with fast Fourier transformation (FFT), which improves the examination of GQDs’ crystallinity [ 121 ]. The surface morphology and topography of samples is usually examined by SEM [ 119 , 151 ]. AFM is most commonly applied for measuring the height of GQDs.…”