Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles Featuring Polyzwitterionic Coatings

Abstract

Throughout the last decades, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have gained tremendous interest in different fields of applications like biomedicine (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery, hyperthermia), but also more technical applications (e.g., catalysis, waste water treatment) have been pursued. Different surfactants and polymers are extensively used for surface coating of MNP to passivate the surface and avoid or decrease agglomeration, decrease or modulate biomolecule absorption, and in most cases increase dispersion stability. For this purpose, electrostatic or steric repulsion can be exploited and, in that regard, surface charge is the most important (hybrid) particle property. Therefore, polyelectrolytes are of great interest for nanoparticle coating, as they are able to stabilize the particles in dispersion by electrostatic repulsion due to their high charge densities. In this review article, we focus on polyzwitterions as a subclass of polyelectrolytes and their use as coating materials for MNP. In the context of biomedical applications, polyzwitterions are widely used as they exhibit antifouling properties and thus can lead to minimized protein adsorption and also long circulation times.

The Role of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Nanotheranostics

“…Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-PVP, sodium dodecyl benzyl sulfate-SDS, proteins, peptides and gums are some of the stabilizing agents used in this context. Moreover, the applied controlled conditions, including components concentration, ratios, pH of the media, selected surfactants, temperature and pressure, constitute determining factors for the final MNP properties, size and morphology [25,26].…”

“…The organometallic precursors originate pure metal that is posteriorly oxidized at temperatures ranging from 100 to 350 • C and oxidative media, and forms metal oxides, e.g., iron oxides. Metal carbonyls or metal acetylacetonates are some of the currently mentioned metal precursors used in thermal decomposition method, and oleic acid or fatty acids are some of the selected surfactants for the mentioned technique [25].…”

Hydrophobic and Anti-Fouling Performance of Surface on Parabolic Morphology

“…Interest in super-hydrophobic surfaces has increased in recent years [2][3][4][5][6]. Hydrophobicity and stain resistance are widely used in many areas such as anti-biofouling surfaces in a marine environment [7][8][9][10], fluid drag reduction [11,12], anti-contamination surfaces of windows for buildings and automobiles [13][14][15], microfluid [16,17], and many others. Therefore, studying hydrophobicity and stain resistance is particularly important in industry, agriculture, and people's daily life.…”

Investigating the effect of magnetic dipole–dipole interaction on magnetic particle spectroscopy: implications for magnetic nanoparticle-based bioassays and magnetic particle imaging

“…In the past decade, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and their liquid dispersions are the subject of intense research due to their unique magnetic and physical properties and their potential applications in several fields such as hyperthermia therapy [1][2][3][4] , catalysis 1,[5][6][7][8] , drug/gene delivery 9-14 , magnetic bioassays [15][16][17][18] , magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1,[19][20][21][22][23][24] . Besides their unique magnetic properties, comparable size to biomolecules, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility, the recent advances in the area of chemical engineering and material science have enabled the facile synthesis and surface functionalization of SPIONs, placing them as one of the most popular nanocomposites in many biological and biomedical applications.…”