Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxicity Studies of Aminated Microcrystalline Cellulose Derivatives against Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Cellulose based materials are emerging in the commercial fields and high-end applications, especially in biomedicines. Aminated cellulose derivatives have been extensively used for various applications but limited data are available regarding its cytotoxicity studies for biomedical application. The aim of this study is to synthesize different 6-deoxy-amino-cellulose derivatives from Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) via tosylation and explore their cytotoxic potential against normal fibroblasts, melanoma and breast cancer. 6-deoxy-6-hydrazide Cellulose (Cell Hyd) 6-deoxy-6-diethylamide Cellulose (Cell DEA) and 6-deoxy-6-diethyltriamine Cellulose (Cell DETA) were prepared and characterized by various technologies like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), X-ray diffractogram (XRD), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Elemental Analysis and Zeta potential measurements. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against normal fibroblasts (NIH3T3), mouse skin melanoma (B16F10), human epithelial adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. IC50 values obtained from cytotoxicity assay and live/dead assay images analysis showed MCC was non cytotoxic while Cell Hyd, Cell DEA and Cell DETA exhibited noncytotoxic activity up to 200 μg/mL to normal fibroblast cells NIH3T3, suggesting its safe use in medical fields. The mouse skin melanoma (B16F10) are the most sensitive cells to the cytotoxic effects of Cell Hyd, Cell DEA and Cell DETA, followed by human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). Based on our study, it is suggested that aminated cellulose derivatives could be promising candidates for tissue engineering applications and in cancer inhibiting studies in future.

Valorization of Esparto Grass Cellulosic Derivatives for the Development of Promising Energetic Azidodeoxy Biopolymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Isoconversional Thermal Kinetic Analysis

“…As can be observed, EGC presents a smoother morphological surface with a long individualized fibrous appearance, whereas, irregular rough fibrils with thinner and shorter dimensions were revealed for AEGC. This alteration is probably caused by the partial disintegration and swelling of the cellulosic fibres during the functionalization process followed by the insertion of azide moieties that cover the surface of the fibres [52,58]. However, comparable rough and rod-shaped surface microstructure were noticed for samples based on cellulose microcrystals (EGMCC and AEGMCC), demonstrating the homogenous azidation without much variation of surface morphology.…”

“…However, broader and lower intensity peaks are observed for azidodeoxy-functionalized samples concerning their precursors, indicating an eventual decrease in cellulose crystalline domains that is sustained by the measured CrI values listed in Table 1. This drop-in CrI is associated with the chemical functionalization process for which a spalling of the crystalline structure occurs, in addition to the formation of covalently surface-linked azide moieties, which causes a loss in the intense hydrogen bonds responsible for the crystallinity rearrangement of cellulose chains [27,58]. Moreover, the increased crystallinity degree of AEGMCC (65.43 %) compared to AEGC (57.24 %) was expected due to the high crystallinity arrangement and the large OH-rich surface area with intense physical interactions in the case of EGMCC precursor which significantly reduce the effect of chemical modification reaction on the crystallization network of AGUs.…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Cellulose Based Materials

“…However, the major structural difference between control and extractants-treated cellulose fibers was not clearly observed [46]. This morphological change is attributed to the swelling and partial disintegration of the cellulosic fibers during the surface modification process, followed by the insertion of amine moieties that cover the surface of the fibers [47,48]. Nevertheless, analogous micro-sized fibers with a rough and rod-shaped surface microstructure are revealed for samples based on microcrystalline cellulose, demonstrating the homogenous surface functionalization without much variation of surface morphology.…”

Antimicrobial Polymer−Based Assemblies: A Review

“…In addition, their flexible properties, facile synthesis, or modification from natural polymers, such as chitosan, gelatin, dextran, starch, or cellulose, also led to various alternative therapeutic applications [ 20 , 130 ]. Among their important applications, APs have been used as adjuvants for vaccine design and antigen presentation [ 126 , 127 , 129 ] and for gene and drug delivery [ 131 ]; interestingly, aminated microcrystalline cellulose killed melanoma and breast cancer cell lines in culture [ 131 ]. Excellent overviews on the synthesis and preparation of cationic polymers are available [ 48 , 130 , 132 , 133 ].…”