Synthesis, Characterization, and Docking Study of Novel Thioureidophosphonate-Incorporated Silver Nanocomposites as Potent Antibacterial Agents

Abstract

Newly synthesized mono- and bis-thioureidophosphonate (MTP and BTP) analogues in eco-friendly conditions were employed as reducing/capping cores for 100, 500, and 1000 mg L−1 of silver nitrate. The physicochemical properties of silver nanocomposites (MTP(BTP)/Ag NCs) were fully elucidated using spectroscopic and microscopic tools. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites was screened against six multidrug-resistant pathogenic strains, comparable to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin commercial drugs. The antibacterial performance of BTP was more substantial than MTP, notably with the best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.0781 mg/mL towards Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among all, BTP provided the clearest zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 35 ± 1.00 mm against Salmonella typhi. After the dispersion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), MTP/Ag NCs offered dose-dependently distinct advantages over the same nanoparticle with BTP; a more noteworthy decline by 4098 × MIC to 0.1525 × 10−3 mg/mL was recorded for MTP/Ag-1000 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa over BTP/Ag-1000. Towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the as-prepared MTP(BTP)/Ag-1000 displayed superior bactericidal ability in 8 h. Because of the anionic surface of MTP(BTP)/Ag-1000, they could effectively resist MRSA (ATCC-43300) attachment, achieving higher antifouling rates of 42.2 and 34.4% at most optimum dose (5 mg/mL), respectively. The tunable surface work function between MTP and AgNPs promoted the antibiofilm activity of MTP/Ag-1000 by 1.7 fold over BTP/Ag-1000. Lastly, the molecular docking studies affirmed the eminent binding affinity of BTP over MTP—besides the improved binding energy of MTP/Ag NC by 37.8%—towards B. subtilis-2FQT protein. Overall, this study indicates the immense potential of TP/Ag NCs as promising nanoscale antibacterial candidates.

New biocidal hybrids bearing acridine and aminophosphonate Scaffolds against different bacterial pathogens

“…2 On the other hand, α-aminophosphonates are bioisosteres of naturally occuring amino acids with diverse pharmacological application. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The synthesis of aminoacridine derivatives and α-aminophosphonates has been introduced using a variety of synthetic processes. [9][10][11] A large number of analogues are displayed as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial and antitumor agents.…”

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The synthesis of aminoacridine derivatives and α-aminophosphonates has been introduced using a variety of synthetic processes. [9][10][11] A large number of analogues are displayed as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial and antitumor agents. 2,[9][10][11] However, there is still room for synthesizing new derivatives with potent antibacterial properties to increase medication availability and lessen the drug resistant bacteria issue.…”

“…[9][10][11] A large number of analogues are displayed as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial and antitumor agents. 2,[9][10][11] However, there is still room for synthesizing new derivatives with potent antibacterial properties to increase medication availability and lessen the drug resistant bacteria issue. Encouraged by the aforementioned facts, it is anticipated that by combining two intrinsically biologically active scaffolds; such as amino acridine derivatives and aminophosphonates moieties, a synergistic effect would be anticipated for the resulting hybrid's structure when compared with each moiety independently.…”