Synthesis, characterization, and electrical studies on Cu-doped K2Ti6O13 lead-free ceramics: Role of defect associate dipoles

Study of Co-Doped K2Ti6O13 Lead-Free Ceramic for Positive Temperature Coefficient Thermistor Applications

“…Some alternative advantages of transition metal-doped K 2 Ti 6 O 13 over Pb-based perovskite ceramics have been reported previously [13][14][15]. For instance, by doping divalent Cu 2+ with K 2 Ti 6 O 13 ceramics, generally, charge compensation progress may evolve oxygen vacancies (V •• o , which are assertive charge carriers in ceramics), changing the ligand symmetry around the dopant and ultimately enhancing the dielectric properties of ceramics [14]. Alternatively, in the perovskite lattice, it is believed that acceptor impurities can accelerate dielectric aging and lead to the formation of compensating positively charged V •• o , which can impact device performance [14].…”

“…Using the chemical vapor transport method, J. Singh et al discovered two-dimensional TiS 3 nanoribbons with outstanding mobility properties, and their photocatalytic activities have been investigated for possible environmental applications [12]. Some alternative advantages of transition metal-doped K 2 Ti 6 O 13 over Pb-based perovskite ceramics have been reported previously [13][14][15]. For instance, by doping divalent Cu 2+ with K 2 Ti 6 O 13 ceramics, generally, charge compensation progress may evolve oxygen vacancies (V •• o , which are assertive charge carriers in ceramics), changing the ligand symmetry around the dopant and ultimately enhancing the dielectric properties of ceramics [14].…”

“…For instance, by doping divalent Cu 2+ with K 2 Ti 6 O 13 ceramics, generally, charge compensation progress may evolve oxygen vacancies (V •• o , which are assertive charge carriers in ceramics), changing the ligand symmetry around the dopant and ultimately enhancing the dielectric properties of ceramics [14]. Alternatively, in the perovskite lattice, it is believed that acceptor impurities can accelerate dielectric aging and lead to the formation of compensating positively charged V •• o , which can impact device performance [14]. PbO-based ceramics have excellent ferroelectric properties, but the volatile nature of deadly lead oxide during the synthesis process produces environmental pollution and induces inconsistency in composition.…”

“…Such a variety of preparations could also change alkaline titanate materials by doping them with aliovalent transition metal ions. Vikram et al described the structural analysis, microtubular particles by SEM micrographs, and ferroelectric-paraelectric-type phase transition of Cu-doped K 2 Ti 6 O 13 ceramics [14]. Vikram et al focused on EPR spectroscopy in another study on Mn x :K 2 Ti 6 O 13 lead-free ceramics, recognizing Mn 4+ , Mn 3+ , and Mn 2+ partial substitutions at Ti 4+ lattice sites; they identified defective accomplice dipoles exhibited in low-field EPR signals at different Mn doping concentrations [16].…”

Differential Scanning Calorimetric Analysis of Ni Doped Sodium Hexa-titanate

“…Kikkawa et al, reported hydrolysis and thermolysis of the alkali titanates, Fujishiro et al, investigated cation exchange property of alkali titanates as these materials are capable in protecting the environment from radioactive wastes, the alkali titanates can also be used as capacitors, electrolyte for fuel cell, biosensors as well as dielectric sensors [9][10][11][12] [15][16][17][18][19] . Alkali titanates with tunnel and layered structure have been synthesized by various research groups including our group [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] .…”