Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Evaluation of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles and Their Application for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Detection in Blood Samples

Abstract

Glutathione-capped copper sulfide (CuxSy) nanoparticles with two different average sizes were successfully achieved by using a simple reduction process that involves only changing the reaction temperature. Temperature-induced changes in the size of CuxSy nanoparticles resulted in particles with different optical, morphological, and electrochemical properties. The dependence of electrochemical sensing properties on the sizes of CuxSy nanoparticles was studied by using voltammetric and amperometric techniques. The spherical CuxSy nanoparticles with the average particle size of 25 ± 0.6 nm were found to be highly conductive as compared to CuxSy nanoparticles with the average particle size of 4.5 ± 0.2 nm. The spherical CuxSy nanoparticles exhibited a low bandgap energy (Eg) of 1.87 eV, resulting in superior electrochemical properties and improved electron transfer during glucose detection. The sensor showed a very good electrocatalytic activity toward glucose molecules in the presence of interference species such as uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA), fructose, sodium chloride, and sucrose. These species are often present in low concentrations in the blood. The sensor demonstrated an excellent dynamic linear range between 0.2 to 16 mM, detection limit of 0.2 mM, and sensitivity of 0.013 mA/mM. The applicability of the developed sensor for real field determination of glucose was demonstrated by use of spiked blood samples, which confirmed that the developed sensor had great potential for real analysis of blood glucose levels.

Influence of a One-Pot Approach on a Prepared CuS Macro/Nanostructure from Various Molecular Precursors

“…The shift in the amine peaks of the ligands compared to the complexes further supported the NMR results of the bis(anil-piper-Cu(DTC)1, bis(anil-Cu(DTC)2, and bis(piper-Cu(DTC)3) complexes. Tetyana et al employed sodium diethyldithiocarbamate Cu(II), showing a similar trace in peak stretching for S-H and N-H bands to the current study [37]. The vibrational stretching of v(C-N), v(C-S), and v(M-S) observed for Anil + Cu, Piper + Cu(II), and Anil + Cu + piper confirms the formation of complexes.…”

Advances in nanostructured material-based non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors

“…Similarly, Tetyana et al synthesized two different sizes of Cu x S y nanoparticles (25 ± 0.6 nm and 4.5 ± 0.2 nm) to compare the electrochemical behavior in glucose detection. 115 The Cu x S y nanoparticles with a size of 25 ± 0.6 nm demonstrated a lower bandgap energy, resulting in a wide linear range between 0.2 and 16 mM and a sensitivity of 0.013 mA mM −1 .…”

Nanotheranostics: Molecular Diagnostics and Nanotherapeutic Evaluation by Photoacoustic/Ultrasound Imaging in Small Animals

“…80 Copper sulfide nanoparticles are widely used for various applications such as sensing, in vivo molecular imaging, delivery of therapeutics agents, and photodynamic and photothermal therapy. 81 Copper sulfide nanoparticles process broad tunable near-infrared absorption (700−1100 nm) in comparison to conventional near-infrared absorbing substances, including carbon. Gold and silver, and these nanoparticles also process efficiently adjustable absorption peak characteristics to above 900 nm by varying the stoichiometry.…”

“…Different morphology of copper sulfide nanoparticles includes nanoplates, nanoflowers, nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires, nanospheres, and nanocages . Copper sulfide nanoparticles are widely used for various applications such as sensing, in vivo molecular imaging, delivery of therapeutics agents, and photodynamic and photothermal therapy . Copper sulfide nanoparticles process broad tunable near-infrared absorption (700–1100 nm) in comparison to conventional near-infrared absorbing substances, including carbon.…”