Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of stearyl acrylate-co-behenyl acrylate copolymer as a pour point depressant of waxy crude oil

Abstract

Pour point depressant (PPD) has the competitive advantage of lowering the temperature of the wax appearance (WAT) and crude oil viscosity. In this paper, a novel PPD of poly stearyl acrylate-co-behenyl acrylate (SA-co-BA) in various mass ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2 and 1:3) was effectively synthesized by solution radical polymerization method, and characterized by fourier transform infrared FTIR, proton nuclear magnetic resonance NMR, x-ray diffraction XRD and scanning electron microscopy SEM. The SA-co-BA PPD was evaluated on Malaysian crude oil via the pour point, the rheological and cold finger analysis to prevent the wax deposition at low temperature and improve flowability. The findings showed that the mass ratio (1:1) at 1000 ppm has a positive effect on the pour point depression from 11 to 2 °C. It was investigated from the rheological measurement that the viscosity of crude oil increases as the temperature decreases. Whereas, the viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases and as shear rate increases, shear stress increases. The flowability performance of the crude by the mass ratio of 1:1 at 1000 of the SA-co-BA concentrations have improved by 89.76%. The highest paraffin inhibition efficiency PIE of wax deposited was obtained at 1:1 of the mass ratio by 44.14%, indicating the smallest amount of wax is formed. This finding is interestingly attributed to the acrylate groups that have a long alkyl chain. Thus, SA-co-BA copolymer was demonstrated to be an appreciable pour point depressant that can prevent the wax deposition at low temperature and increasing the flowability of Malaysian crude oil.

Pressure/Temperature Dual‐Responsive Cellulose Nanocrystal Hydrogels for On‐Demand Schemochrome Patterning

“…Meanwhile, the characteristic peaks around 1.60, 1.83, and 2.14 ppm emerge, which belong to the backbone methylene and methine protons of the main‐chain repeating units of NIPAM and SA. [ 25–27 ]…”

“…Meanwhile, the characteristic peaks around 1.60, 1.83, and 2.14 ppm emerge, which belong to the backbone methylene and methine protons of the main-chain repeating units of NIPAM and SA. [25][26][27] As shown in Figure 2e, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that both the pristine CNC film and CNC/P(NIPAM-co-SA) possess characteristic of native cellulose (semicrystalline cellulose I𝛼), while P(NIPAM-co-SA) has an extremely low degree of crystallinity. Diffraction peaks at 14.7°(101), 16.5°(101 ), 22.7°(002), and 34.1°(040) demonstrate that crystal structures of CNCs are still preserved during the whole process of swelling and polymerization.…”

Synthesis of Multifunctional Polymers Based on Tert-Butyl Acrylamide/Octyl Acrylate as Lubricant Additives and Adsorbents for Copper Ion from Aqueous Solution

“…It is clearly observed that the efficiency of the pour point depressant gradually enhanced with the increase in the concentration of the polymeric additives in the base oils. However, the enhancement in the pour points temperature values is because of the disruption of the rigid network of wax crystals in the base oils 5 .…”

“…For example, polymeric additives are the most important materials used as base oil additives [5][6][7][8] . In this field, there are many types of research have been achieved so far.…”

Bioresoursed Nano-SiO2/Styrene-Co-Vinyl Acetate Nano-Composite: Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation as Nano-Pour Point Depressant and Paraffin Inhibitor for Waxy Crude Oil

“…The Cold Finger experiment was performed at the Chemical Services and Development Center, EPRI, Cairo, Egypt to evaluate the impact of PSV copolymer and Nano-SiO 2 /PSV nano-composite as PIs. This model is used as a convenient way to simulate the wax precipitation process inside the oil pipeline according to the method described in previous studies [37,56]. After the mentioned method completion, the residual deposition of wax was gradually removed from the cold finger and measured.…”