Synthesis, characterization and fabrication of ultrathin iron pyrite (FeS<sub>2</sub>) thin films and field-effect transistors

Liu, Xi; Ho, J.; Wong, Man; Kwok, Hoi‐Sing; Liu, Zhaojun

doi:10.1039/c5ra23344e

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Pyrite has wide area of applications (Figure ) such as energy storage and conversion field: photovoltaics,, photocatalytic hydrogen production, batteries, supercapacitors, photocapacitors, thermoelectricity;, electronics,, optoelectronics, spintronics; environmental applications; hydrogenation; sensors; agriculture, and emerging biomedical field …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2018

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Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) are of special interest in energy conversion and storage devices. Amongst all sulfides, fool's gold or iron pyrite (FeS 2 ) is potentially an attractive candidate for photovoltaic applications. Iron pyrite has risen to prominence due to its distinct properties and abundance in nature to meet the large scale needs. It is considered as environmentally benign solar absorber material with high absorption coefficient, α > 6 x10 5 cm À 1 for λ � 700 nm and suitable energy bandgap (E g = 0.95 eV). Numerous physical and chemical methods have been employed to deposit nanocrystalline pyrite thin films directly from source materials or indirectly by sulfuration. This review gives an overview of pyrite as a low cost photovoltaic absorber material for contemporary solar cell structures. In addition, practical approaches like the rational design of nanocomposites, band gap engineering and nanostructure synthesis of pyrite for improving its properties particularly photovoltaic properties are also deliberated. Moreover, limitations, challenges, remedies and prospects of pyrite as potential photovoltaic material are also reviewed to further advance the development of pyrite-based solar cell configurations.[a] Dr.at a low precursor concentration, pyrite nanocubes (125-250 nm in 20-180 min) were obtained due to low nuclei concentration and slow growth (diffusion limited) in quasiequilibrium. The anisotropic structures nanodendrites were 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2018

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“…The Raman spectrum (Figure b) showed three peaks at 332, 372, and 420 cm –1 . These are the characteristic active modes for FeS 2 corresponding to the S2 vibration ( E g ), S–S in-phase stretch ( A g ), and coupled vibration and stretch ( T g ) modes, respectively . This clearly shows that there is no extra peak of other phases like trolite (210, 280 cm –1 ), pyrrhotite (214 and 282 cm –1 ), and maracasite (428 cm –1 ) .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Further, no other diffraction peak was observed in the XRD pattern of Ann.FeS 2 except for the substrate peak of ITO. This indicates that the FeS 2 nanoparticle exhibited a single-phase cubic pyrite structure . The XRD pattern of Ann.TiO 2 (Figure S1b) showed that diffraction peaks well matched with JCPDS card no.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Physical Barricading at the Nanoscale: Protecting Pyrite from Weathering toward Efficient and Stable Electrocatalysis of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Pandey

Gahlawat

Ingole

2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The unique atomic arrangement and excellent charge transfer properties of two-dimensional (2D) metal chalcogenides (MX 2 ; M = transition metal, X = S, Se) make them effective electrocatalysts toward water splitting. But, so far, none of them have been able to replace noble-metal catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and it remains a great challenge to develop these catalysts. Specifically, cost-effective and earth-abundant FeS 2 has shown potential, but it is less acknowledged due to the associated weathering process. Here, we report a spin-coated TiO 2 layer on hydrothermally synthesized 2D-FeS 2 nanoplates to control weathering through physical barricading at the nanoscale. Notably, the electrochemical and chemical weathering studies suggest that the TiO 2 layer stabilized FeS 2 oxidation in alkaline solution, while the latter gets oxidized without TiO 2 overlayers. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first report on an FeS 2 /TiO 2 photoanode for efficient and stable OER without any composite or doping. It displayed improved long-term durability of OER activity. Moreover, the annealed crystalline leaky TiO 2 layer (∼72 nm) remarkably displayed enhanced charge transfer at the FeS 2 /TiO 2 interface. Also, Mott−Schottky measurements confirmed that the leaky TiO 2 served as a protective layer (physical barrier) against the weathering of FeS 2 . The current study may provide new insights into the rational design of low-cost FeS 2 /TiO 2 layered electrocatalysts for OER and renewable energy applications.

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“…To improve these characteristics, the metal foam needs to be treated with a material with structural characteristics similar to those of the active material of the cathode. Fe metal foam is a promising option because it can react with S 2 powders to form FeS 2 , a thermal battery cathode material, via simple thermal sulfidation, as shown in Figure 1 (Ferrer and Sánchez, 1991;Liu et al, 2016). The purpose of this study is to synthesize a cathode frame whose structural characteristics are the most similar to those of cathode materials (FeS 2 ) of thermal batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binder-Free Cathode for Thermal Batteries Fabricated Using FeS2 Treated Metal Foam

Kim

Woo

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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In this study, we fabricated a cathode with lower amounts of additive materials and higher amounts of active materials than those of a conventional cathode. A thermal battery was fabricated using FeS 2 treated foam as the cathode frame, and its feasibility was verified. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the effects of thermal sulfidation temperature (400 and 500 • C) on the structure and surface morphology of the FeS 2 foam. The optimal temperature for the fabrication of the FeS x treated foam was determined to be 500 • C. The FeS 2 treated foam reduced the interfacial resistance and improved the mechanical strength of the cathode. The discharge capacity of the thermal battery using the FeS 2 treated foam was about 1.3 times higher than that of a thermal battery using pure Fe metal foam.

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Synthesis, characterization and fabrication of ultrathin iron pyrite (FeS₂) thin films and field-effect transistors

Abstract: We report the synthesis of an ultrathin FeS2thin filmviathermal sulfurization of an iron thin film. The FeS2based transistor not only broadens the applications of pyrite, but also provides a platform for investigating FeS2materials.

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Physical Barricading at the Nanoscale: Protecting Pyrite from Weathering toward Efficient and Stable Electrocatalysis of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Binder-Free Cathode for Thermal Batteries Fabricated Using FeS2 Treated Metal Foam

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Synthesis, characterization and fabrication of ultrathin iron pyrite (FeS2) thin films and field-effect transistors

Abstract: We report the synthesis of an ultrathin FeS2thin filmviathermal sulfurization of an iron thin film. The FeS2based transistor not only broadens the applications of pyrite, but also provides a platform for investigating FeS2materials.

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Physical Barricading at the Nanoscale: Protecting Pyrite from Weathering toward Efficient and Stable Electrocatalysis of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Binder-Free Cathode for Thermal Batteries Fabricated Using FeS2 Treated Metal Foam

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Synthesis, characterization and fabrication of ultrathin iron pyrite (FeS₂) thin films and field-effect transistors