Synthesis, Characterization, and Flocculation Properties of Branched Cationic Polyacrylamide

Abstract

A water soluble branched cationic polyacrylamide (BCPAM) was synthesized using solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated using potassium diperiodatocuprate, K 5 [Cu(HIO 6 ) 2 ](Cu(III)), initiating the self-condensing vinyl copolymerization of acrylamide and acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) monomer. The resulting copolymer was characterized by the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Its flocculation properties were evaluated with standard jar tests of sewage. The effects of initiator concentration, monomer concentration, reaction temperature, and the mass ratio of monomers on intrinsic viscosity and flocculation properties of the product were determined using single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiment.

Template Polymerization of a Novel Cationic Polyacrylamide: Sequence Distribution, Characterization, and Flocculation Performance

“…The possible reason was that the polymerization retardation of PAAS to AM or DMD inhibited free-radical reaction, preventing longer molecule chains from forming, whereas a flocculant with a long molecular chain possesses strong bridging ability . The cationic degree of TPDA was slightly higher than that of CPDA, implying that TPDA had stronger charge neutralization than CPDA …”

Investigation of Optimum Polymerization Conditions for Synthesis of Cross-Linked Polyacrylamide-Amphoteric Surfmer Nanocomposites for Polymer Flooding in Sandstone Reservoirs

“…Optimum polymerization conditions were evaluated through single-factor and orthogonal approaches, where the effects of initiator, monomer, cross-linker, surfmer concentrations, and reaction temperature on apparent viscosity were investigated [33] as follows.…”

“…As a result, optimum time of polymerization reaction through this study was adjusted at 12 hours to assure that monomer conversion occurs completely. [33]. In order to determine the effects of initiator, monomer, cross-linker, and surfmer concentrations and reaction temperature on apparent viscosity of the product comprehensively, orthogonal experiments were done.…”

“…On the basis of the aforementioned approach, the effects of other factors on polymerization were studied [32]. At the same time, orthogonal experiments [33] which reveal the complex cause-effect relationship between design parameters and performance are carried out. Orthogonal arrays are special scientific method that requires only a small number of experimental trials to discover main factor effects based on the statistical findings [34].…”

Cleaning of Wastewater Using Crosslinked Poly(Acrylamide-co-Acrylic Acid) Hydrogels: Analysis of Rotatable Bonds, Binding Energy and Hydrogen Bonding

“…Copolymers based on acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) have been applied to remove dyes. AM monomer is soluble in water, and linear poly(AM) finds many uses as water-soluble thickeners and flocculation agents [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], whereas AA represents the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid. This colorless liquid is miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and chloroform [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”