Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of hydroxyapatite from different bioresources for tissue engineering application

Abstract

In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) is synthesized from different biosources like eggshell, fish scale and bovine bone in a cost effective and ecofriendly way. HAp materials were synthesized from eggshell by wet precipitation method whereas thermal decomposition method was applied in case of fish scale and bovine bone. The phase purity and crystallinity of different calcined HAp powder were determined by XRD and FTIR analyses. The thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to show thermal stability of HAp powder. Average grain sizes of sintered samples were in submicron range. The morphology of the powders were observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dried powders were wet ball milled for several hours and surfactants like Triton-X small fillers (2 / 4 mm long rod-shaped) were made for in vitro testing. In order to verify the biocompatibility of HAp powders, cytotoxicity evaluation was carried out in RAW macrophage like cell line media for an incubation period of 72 h. The cell attachment studies on HAp compacts show an excellent affinity between cells and compact surface. These results proved high biocompatibility of HAp powders obtained from different biosources for tissue engineering applications.

Bioactivity tests of calcium phosphates with variant molar ratios of main components

“…Most frequently used bioactive forms of calcium phosphates are based on hydroxyapatite (HAp) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) . Hydroxyapatite has been widely applied as bone substitutes and together with tricalcium phosphate they have been for nearly three decades extensively used for artificial bone grafts . These types are commonly used due to their osteoconductivity, crystallographic structures, and chemical composition similar to the skeletal tissue .…”

Snail Shell Derived Natural Hydroxyapatite: Effects on NIH-3T3 Cells for Orthopedic Applications

“…Nano HAP composite was fabricated in the combination of collagen and chitosan by using in-situ process which has shown good cellular response on MC3T3-E1 mouse calvarial preosteoblasts in a biological environment [22]. Mondel et al synthesized HAP using different bioresources such as bovine bone, fish scale and egg shell as calcium sources and evaluated the cellular toxicity profile and cell attachment ability in RAW macrophage like cell lines [23].…”

A Brief Review on Biomedical Applications of Hydroxyapatite Use as Fillers in Polymer

“…HA is a type of calcium phosphate with a chemical formula of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 [1][2][3][4]. Pure HA is a stoichiometric apatite phase with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, the most stable calcium phosphate salt at normal temperatures and pH between 4 and 12 [5].…”