Synthesis, characterization, and microwave dielectric properties of monoclinal structure ZnZrNb2O8 ceramics through the aqueous sol–gel process

Usage of P–V–L bond theory in studying the structural/property regulation of microwave dielectric ceramics: a review

“…24 A sol-gel method realizes better uniformity at the molecular level than a solid-state process, which is beneficial for improving the Q × f value. 25 A high sintering temperature positively affects the cation ordering of Ba(Mg 1/3 Ta 2/3 )O 3 ceramics and then improves the Q × f value. 26 Ceramic samples with compact microstructures and uniform distributions of average grain size can also reduce the extrinsic dielectric loss.…”

Enhanced high dielectric characteristics tri‐layered structural ceramics for 5G/6G communications

“…Combining the results of Raman spectroscopy and Figure S3h, the thicknesses of the ZCZN (TZO), TZO, and TZO (ZCZN) layers are represents the value of the dielectric constant; the larger the sphere, the higher the dielectric constant of the dielectric ceramic.) 4,[19][20]33,41, shown in Figure 7. The variation tendencies of microwave dielectric characteristics for ZCZN@TZO/TCO/TO ceramics with random distribution are similar to those of the ZCZN-TZO/TCO/TO-ZCZN ceramics with trilayered structure.…”

“…reported ZnZrNb 2 O 8 ceramics synthesized by a reaction sintering technique with $${\varepsilon _r}$$ = 28.37, Q $${\rm{\;}} \times {\rm{\;}}$$ f = 63 300 GHz, and $${\tau _f}$$ = −19.90 ppm/°C. In addition, Wu et al 20 . also used an aqueous sol–gel technique to produce ZnZrNb 2 O 8 ceramics with microwave dielectric characteristics of $${\varepsilon _r}$$ = 27.38, Q $${\rm{\;}} \times {\rm{\;}}$$ f = 66 700 GHz, and $${\tau _f}$$ = −38.40 ppm/°C at 1200°C.…”

Trace additive enhances microwave dielectric performance significantly to facilitate 5G communications

“…[1][2][3] In recent years, due to the low dielectric loss at microwave frequencies, a novel family of AZrNb 2 O 8 (A: Zn, Mg, Co, and Mn) materials with monoclinic wolframite crystal structure and P2/c space group have received a lot of interest. Liao et al 4 first synthetized ZnZrNb 2 O 8 ceramics through solid-state reaction, and the microwave performances of specimens sintered at 1250 • C were 𝜀 𝑟 = 30, Q × f = 61 000 GHz, and 𝜏 𝑓 = −52 ppm/ • C. Then, ZnZrNb 2 O 8 ceramics, prepared by a reaction sintering method, were reported by Wu et al 5 with 𝜀 𝑟 = 28.37, Q × f = 63 300 GHz, and 𝜏 𝑓 = −19.9 ppm/ • C. Wu et al 6 synthetized ZnZrNb 2 O 8 ceramics through aqueous solgel process and achieved the microwave performance of 𝜀 𝑟 = 27.38, Q × f = 66 700 GHz, 𝜏 𝑓 = −38.4 ppm/ • C at 1200 • C. In order to enhance the temperature stability of resonant frequency, ZnZrNb 2 O 8 -TiO 2 ceramic systems were also investigated. Near-zero 𝜏 𝑓 (−2.4 ppm/ • C) could be achieved with 𝜀 𝑟 = 41.4, Q × f = 38 500 GHz for the 0.3ZnZrNb 2 O 8 -0.7TiO 2 specimen.…”

“…with $${\varepsilon _r}$$ = 28.37, Q $$ \times \;$$ f = 63 300 GHz, and $${\tau _f}$$ = −19.9 ppm/°C. Wu et al 6 . synthetized ZnZrNb 2 O 8 ceramics through aqueous sol–gel process and achieved the microwave performance of $${\varepsilon _r}$$ = 27.38, Q $$ \times \;$$ f = 66 700 GHz, $${\tau _f}$$ = −38.4 ppm/°C at 1200°C.…”