Synthesis, characterization, and solution properties of an acrylamide‐based terpolymer with butyl styrene

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The terpolymers (PASA) with acrylamide (AM), butyl styrene (BST), and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (NaAMPS) were synthesized by the micellar free radical copolymerization technique. The polymer composition was determined by the elemental analysis, and the block structure of PASA was characterized directly by DSC measurement. Incorporation of NaAMPS into the terpolymers may improve the water solubility and intermolecular association, and the feed amount of BST, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) amount, and the total monomer concentration in the polymerization can influence apparently the viscosities of PASA. The polymer exhibits excellent viscosification effect, salt-thickening, temperaturethickening, thixotropy, pseudoplastic behavior or shearthickening relative to the BST content in PASA, excellent antiaging property at 858C, and a dramatic increase in solution viscosity by the addition of little amount of SDS.

Rheology of associative polymer solutions

“…Other hydrophobic groups have been used besides alkyl chains [107][108][109]. Camail et al [108,109] studied PAM modified with perfluorated alkyls and arylalkyls.…”

Solution properties of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides and their potential use for polymer flooding application

“…For the copolymers of group I, the values of g app decreased rapidly from 222, 292 and 363 cP to 77, 95 and 108 cP for PAM-Ia, PAM-Ib and PAM-Ic respectively by increasing the NaCl concentration from 0 to 0.4 mol/l. This can be attributed to the ionic shielding on the carboxylate groups (-COOH) which is present in the chemical structure of the surfmers incorporated in the copolymers of group I [22]. The shielding effect reduces the carboxylate repulsion of the copolymer backbone, leading to a reduction in the molecular coil size and the weakened intermolecular associations, further the decrease in their apparent viscosities was obtained [23].…”

“…These ionic charges act as an electrostatic shield between the -COOH anions which are suspended on the surfmer part. The shielding effect reduces the carboxylate repulsion of the copolymer backbone, leading to reduce the molecular coil size which reflected on decreasing the g app values [22,23]. For example, the g app values at concentration 0.5 g/dl for the PAM-Ia, PAM-Ib and PAM-Ic in the distilled water were 279, 333 and 404 cP respectively, but in the brine solution they were 222, 272 and 338 cP, while they were 155, 181 and 222 cP in the formation water and finally 144, 166 and 212 cP in the sea water.…”

Synthesis and solution behavior of hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide containing capsaicin‐like moieties

“…The rigid aryl groups on HMBA are stable and could effectively interfere with the hydrolysis of amido groups on the copolymer. 7 Also, HMBA's incorporation enhances the stiffness of the copolymer chains. The resistance of molecular thermal motion increases due to the steric hindrance effect, resulting in the weakness of the molecular chain movement.…”

“…Above a critical concentration (C*), intermolecular associations prevail and lead to the formation of a transient network structure of polymer chains causing a rapid increase in viscosity. 6,7 HAPAMs have better stability with respect to salts than unmodified ones, because the enhancement of solution polarity could strengthen the hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, it is possible for HAPAMs to decrease irreversible mechanical degradation because the physical links are disrupted under increasing shear rates but re-form with decreasing shear.…”