Synthesis, Characterization and Surface‐Activity of a Polyoxyethylene Ether Trimeric Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant

Abstract

A trimeric quaternary ammonium salt surfactant containing polyoxyethylene chains was synthesized from fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine and thionyl chloride by a twostep process. Its chemical structure was characterized, and the surface activity in aqueous solution was studied at different temperatures. The results showed that when the concentration attains the CMC (1.0 mmol/L), the surface tension is 38.9 mN m -1 and the conductivity is 105.3lS cm -1 at 25°C. These show that the trimeric quaternary ammonium salt surfactant containing polyoxyethylene chains exhibits high surface activity and effectively reduces the surface tension of water.

Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of the Surface Active Properties of Novel Cationic Imidazolium Gemini Surfactants

“…The preparation of compounds (1-3) were prepared by reacting fatty alcohols (hexadecyl, tetradecyl and dodecyl) with epichlorohydrin in 1:1.5 using tetrabutylammonium iodide as a catalyst and sodium hydroxide (1:2) ratio. The resulting products were characterized as 2-alkoxy methyloxirane (1)(2)(3).The synthesis of the compounds (1-3) was reported in parenthesis [19].…”

“…The development of modern surfactants has been in rapid progress over the last two decades. Much research has dealt with how the properties of gemini surfactants change with the structure of molecules [1][2][3]. Gemini surfactants are a new generation of surfactants composed of two monomeric surfactants molecules chemically bonded together by a spacer at or near their head groups.…”

Gemini Pyridinium Surfactants: Synthesis and Their Surface Active Properties

“…They are more surface-active and have much lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) values than their monomeric counterparts [1][2][3]. In order to achieve these objectives, it is necessary to use renewable low-cost materials that are available in large quantities and to design molecular structures that shows improved performance, favorable properties and reduced environmental impact.…”

Lysine-based oligomeric surfactants with cyanuric chloride: synthesis and micellization properties

“…Tomokazu et al [10] have synthesized ring-type trimeric surfactants by treating cyanuric chloride with 2-aminoalkanoic acid. Furthermore, there are some reports on the synthesis of a neutral and cationic series of new trimeric surfactants [11][12][13][14][15]. Moreover, it is extremely difficult to synthesize trimeric surfactants because they are generally obtained in low yield and their synthesis involves numerous steps; thus, their use has been limited by cost, and scarce research has been conducted on their structure-activity relationships.…”