Synthesis, characterization, and thermal behavior study of methyl methacrylate polymers containing 4‐carbazole substitutes

Abstract

A new polymerizable monomer, [4-(9-ethyl)carbazolyl]methyl methacrylate (2), was synthesized by reacting of methacrylic acid and 4-hydroxymethyl-9-ethyl carbazole (1) by esterification procedure in the presence of N,N 0 -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The resulting monomer was then polymerized free-radically to form the poly (methyl methacrylate) containing 4-(9-ethyl)carbazolyl pendent groups. Also, copolymerization of monomer 2 with various acrylic monomers such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and n-butyl acrylate by azobisisobutyronitrile as a free radical polymerization initiator gave the related copolymers in high yields. The structure of all the resulted compounds was characterized and confirmed by FTIR and 1 H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The average molecular weight of the obtained polymers was determined by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofurane as the solvent. The thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter instruments were used for studying of thermal properties of polymers. It was found that, with the incorporation of bulky 4-(9-ethyl)carbazolyl substitutes in side chains of methyl methacrylate polymers, thermal stability and glass transition temperature of polymers are increased.

Comprehensive Modulation of Naphthopyran Photochromism in a Rigid Host Matrix by Applying Polymer Conjugation

“…The capacity for the methacrylate polymers (pMMA and pCEM) to add rigidity to local domains was first confirmed by their high T g values (Table 3); the bulky carbazole side groups of pCEM conjugates were able to impart further stiffness and rigidity to local domains, beyond that of pMMA. 55 Given that the testing temperature (20 °C) was far below their T g values, this would entail a significant restriction to movement within entangled chains. Analogous to previous research using this technique to investigate a series of end-functionalized spirooxazine high-T g polymer conjugates (namely pMMA and pstyrene), the rates of thermal decay were found to slow directly with increasing molecular weight and chain length of the attached tail.…”

“…The capacity for the methacrylate polymers (pMMA and pCEM) to add rigidity to local domains was first confirmed by their high T g values (Table ); the bulky carbazole side groups of pCEM conjugates were able to impart further stiffness and rigidity to local domains, beyond that of pMMA . Given that the testing temperature (20 °C) was far below their T g values, this would entail a significant restriction to movement within entangled chains.…”

Effect of Coal Ash on the Morphological, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(methyl Methacrylate)

“…Although, PMMA has good properties but the glass transition temperature (relatively low) limits makes its applications in the optical-electronic industry as well as for materials like compact discs (CDs), optical glasses. [5][6][7][8] The coal ashes are the waste material obtained after coal burning and choose as a reinforcing material in the present work. The Ash/PMMA composites were prepared by solution casting technique.…”