Synthesis, characterization, thermal stability and kinetics of thermal degradation of novel polymers based-s-triazine Schiff base

Al-Rasheed, Hessa H.; Mohammady, Sayed Z.; Dahlous, Kholoud; Siddiqui, Mohammed Rafiq H.; El‐Faham, Ayman

doi:10.1007/s10965-019-1961-8

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Moreover, the presence of the hydroxyl and azomethine groups facilitated the chelation of the bonded CardT-TPA with the steel surface more than Card-TH2, which did not contain the azomethine group. By comparing the mechanical properties of the present system with the cured epoxy coatings based on modified cardanol as epoxy or polyamine hardener [23,33,41,47], it was found that the compatibility and chemical curing of Card-TH2 and CardT-TPA increased the mechanical strength of the cured epoxy resin. The higher impact resistance and lower weight loss of the cured epoxy films in the presence CardT-TPA (5 wt.%; Table 3) elucidated that the cured epoxy absorbed more impact energy more than other systems.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of the Cured Epoxy Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Schiff base polymer prepared without cardanol[41], it was found that the presence of cardanol 223 increased the initial degradation step of CardT-TPA, in addition to the increasing of the remaining…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining residues of Card-TH2 and CardT-TPA at 750 • C were 25 and 45 wt.%, respectively. By comparing the thermal stability data of Card-TH2 and CardT-TPA with the same Schiff base polymer prepared without cardanol [41], it was found that the presence of cardanol increased the initial degradation step of CardT-TPA, in addition to the increasing of the remaining residue at 750 • C of more than 30 wt.%. The presence of an unsaturated alkyl chain (C 15 H 26 ), a strong electron affinity property, structural symmetry, and the excellent co-planarity of triazine cyclic structure was responsible for the higher thermal stability of CardT-TPA, which contained more repeating units than Card-TH2 [41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By comparing the thermal stability data of Card-TH2 and CardT-TPA with the same Schiff base polymer prepared without cardanol [41], it was found that the presence of cardanol increased the initial degradation step of CardT-TPA, in addition to the increasing of the remaining residue at 750 • C of more than 30 wt.%. The presence of an unsaturated alkyl chain (C 15 H 26 ), a strong electron affinity property, structural symmetry, and the excellent co-planarity of triazine cyclic structure was responsible for the higher thermal stability of CardT-TPA, which contained more repeating units than Card-TH2 [41]. The thermal degradation residues that were left were mainly polycyclic species that are difficult to decompose and carbons; additionally present was the formation of crosslinked cyclic structures that increased for CardT-TPA when compared with Crd-TH2 or other previously reported Schiff base polymers of triazine [41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of an unsaturated alkyl chain (C 15 H 26 ), a strong electron affinity property, structural symmetry, and the excellent co-planarity of triazine cyclic structure was responsible for the higher thermal stability of CardT-TPA, which contained more repeating units than Card-TH2 [41]. The thermal degradation residues that were left were mainly polycyclic species that are difficult to decompose and carbons; additionally present was the formation of crosslinked cyclic structures that increased for CardT-TPA when compared with Crd-TH2 or other previously reported Schiff base polymers of triazine [41]. The thermal stability of the Card-TH2 and CardT-TPA was evaluated from TGA thermograms, as shown in Figure 4.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multi-Functional Cardanol Triazine Schiff Base Polyimine Additives for Self-Healing and Super-Hydrophobic Epoxy of Steel Coating

et al. 2020

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The designing of multifunctional materials in system-level efficiency is one of the main targets and a hot topic for the application of novel green or bio-based materials and structures. In this work, the chemical structure of bio-based cardanol that was derived from cashew oil was modified through a reaction with a bishydrazino-s-triazine derivative followed by condensation polymerization or reaction with terephthaldehyde to obtain a Schiff base polymer. The chemical structures of the modified cardanol-bishydrazino-s-triazine-based monomer and the Schiff base polymer were confirmed from FTIR and NMR spectroscopy analyses. The modified cardanol bishydrazino-s-triazine monomer and polymer were added with different weight ratios during the curing of the epoxy/polyamine hardener to improve the thermal, mechanical, and anti-corrosion characteristics of the epoxy coating of a steel substrate. The data elucidated that the presence of a cardanol bishydrazino-s-triazine monomer and polymer improves the thermal, mechanical, adhesion, and anti-corrosion characteristics of epoxy coatings after exposure for more than 1500 h. The presence of a cardanol- bishydrazino-s-triazine polymer more than 3 wt.% during the curing of epoxy networks produces superhydrophobic and self-healing epoxy coatings. The modification of the epoxy coating with the cardanol bishydrazino-s-triazine polymer improves the seawater contact angle by more than 150° and the adhesion strength of the epoxy coating with the steel surface.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of the Cured Epoxy Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Multi-Functional Cardanol Triazine Schiff Base Polyimine Additives for Self-Healing and Super-Hydrophobic Epoxy of Steel Coating

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Insights into the oxidative thermal stability of mesoporous triazine‐based organic polymers: Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters

Altarawneh

2024

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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This study investigates the thermal degradation kinetics of mesoporous triazine‐based polymers, namely triazine‐amine and triazine‐ether polymers. The synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and catalytic applications of these polymers were discussed in our previous report. Herein, the thermal stability parameters, including kinetic triplets and thermodynamic parameters, were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and non‐isothermal mathematical approximations such as Coats‐Redfern, Broido, and Horowitz–Metzger methods. Triazine‐ether polymers exhibit thermal stability within the range of 200°C–300°C, while triazine‐amine polymer demonstrates superior thermal stability, reaching up to 450°C. According to the Coats‐Redfern method, the degradation follows reaction orders of 0.5 ≤ n ≤ 1. The activation energy of triazine‐amine polymer is notably high, particularly at the third degradation stage (e.g., 89.0 kJ/mol by the Broido method), attributed to its high nitrogen content. Conversely, the higher carbon content of triazine‐ether polymers reduces their activation energy to approximately 30 kJ/mol at all stages and thus, facilitates the degradation process. Thermodynamically, the degradation process is favorable yet non‐spontaneous, with intermediate states of the polymers exhibiting higher entropy, indicative of their enhanced degradation capability.

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A fully bio‐based epoxy resin with excellent mechanical properties combines flame retardancy and degradability

Chen,

Ren,

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Traditional epoxy resins are made from non‐renewable fossil resources, which are difficult to reprocess and recycle, and their flammability makes them unsafe during use. In this experiment, an epoxy resin containing Schiff base (TA‐VAN‐EP) was synthesized successfully with biomass‐derived raw materials. This new material not only had favorable mechanical properties but also had good flame retardancy and degradation properties. The chemical structure of TA‐VAN‐EP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Its mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame‐retardant properties, and other properties were tested. The results showed that, compared with the pure epoxy resin (EP), the mechanical properties of TA‐VAN‐EP were significantly improved, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) was increased from 152°C to 190°C. Additionally, TA‐VAN‐EP reached a V‐1 rating during the UL‐94 test, and the limited oxygen index (LOI) value increased from 24.7% to 28.4%. Also, the total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke release (TSR) decreased extremely. Moreover, TA‐VAN‐EP demonstrated good degradation performance under acidic conditions. In conclusion, this work provided a new idea for the production of bio‐based flame‐retardant epoxy resin with promising degradable abilities and mechanical properties.

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Synthesis, characterization, thermal stability and kinetics of thermal degradation of novel polymers based-s-triazine Schiff base

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Multi-Functional Cardanol Triazine Schiff Base Polyimine Additives for Self-Healing and Super-Hydrophobic Epoxy of Steel Coating

Multi-Functional Cardanol Triazine Schiff Base Polyimine Additives for Self-Healing and Super-Hydrophobic Epoxy of Steel Coating

Insights into the oxidative thermal stability of mesoporous triazine‐based organic polymers: Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters

A fully bio‐based epoxy resin with excellent mechanical properties combines flame retardancy and degradability

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