Synthesis, curing and thermal properties of the low melting point phthalonitrile resins containing glycidyl groups

Zhang, Huadong; Yan, Zhongyi; Yang, Zhizhou; Mu, Qiuhong; Peng, Dan; Zhao, Hui

doi:10.1007/s00289-021-04037-6

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For the 1 H NMR spectrum (Figure c), the proton signals linked to secondary carbons (−CH 2 −) at 2.9, 3.3, 3.5, and 4.2 ppm correspond to the H3, H4, H5, and H6. The characteristic signal of aromatic protons was observed at 7.2–7.6 ppm . Furthermore, the proton signals at 8.3 and 8.7 ppm were attributed to the primary amine (−NH 2 ) and secondary amine (−NH−) groups, respectively …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Advanced Biomimetic Soybean Meal-Based Adhesive with High Strength and Toughness

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Phenol–amine synergy and mineral reinforcement collectively provide excellent mechanical properties to insect exoskeletons. An advanced soybean meal (SM)-based adhesive, inspired by the insect sclerotization, was developed by integrating tannic acid-functionalized graphene (TA@G), amino-terminated hyperbranched aromatic polyether (HBAP) and SM. TA@G was simultaneously produced and functionalized in a green manner (tannic acid-assisted ball milling), and the active surface of TA@G led to excellent dispersion in the adhesive matrix. HBAP provided numerous reaction sites for the construction of phenol–amine cross-linking network. The dry/wet shear strengths and adhesion work of SM/HBAP/TA@G reached up to 2.59 MPa, 1.29 MPa, and 0.262 J, which were 65.0%, 95.5%, and 66.9% higher than the pure SM (PSM) adhesive, respectively. Compared with PSM, the residual rate of SM/HBAP/TA@G increased to 72.8% from 61.4%, demonstrating enhanced water resistance. The results indicated that more covalent bonds were generated in the adhesive system, which was attributed to the Schiff base reaction and Michael addition between TA@G and HBAP. The formation of massive covalent bonds and the natural waterproof barrier of graphene resulted in a remarkable improvement in SM-based adhesives. Therefore, this simple bionic design strategy provided a novel approach to developing super bioadhesives for the wood industry and could advance the development of tough and strong composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Advanced Biomimetic Soybean Meal-Based Adhesive with High Strength and Toughness

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…With the modernization and intelligent development of high technology sectors such as aerospace, electric motors, electronics and automobiles, polymer-based composites with better overall performance are increasingly in demand. Phthalonitrile (PN) resin, a new type of hightemperature resistant resin, has attracted a wide range of interest, 1 for its high glass transition temperature, 2 outstanding thermal and mechanical properties, [3][4][5][6] low water absorptivity 7 and superior flame resistance. [8][9][10] As one of the promising matrix materials for advanced composites, the mechanical properties of phthalonitrile can be further improved through fiber reinforcement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the thermal properties of fiber reinforced phthalonitrile composites

Feng,

Wang,

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The development of lightweight composites with desirable thermo‐mechanical properties is progressively increasing. Phthalonitrile (PN) based composites have shown great potential in this regard. However, the basic thermal properties of PN composites required for engineering design are not yet fully understood. In this work, we investigated the thermal stability, thermal expansion behavior and thermal conductivity of PN composites reinforced with carbon fiber (CF) and high silicon fiberglass (HSF) via combined experimental studies and numerical simulations. The results indicated that CF/PN performs better in thermostability than HSF/PN at temperatures below 500°C. Moreover, the incorporation of CF and HSF lowered the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal insulation of PN. At room temperature, the in‐plane CTE of CF/PN and HSF/PN were 1.97E‐6 and 9.24E‐6°C−1, respectively, while the out‐plane thermal conductivities of CF/PN and HSF/PN were 0.65 and 0.34 W/(m K). It is worth noting that an excessively high fiber volume fraction would lead to poor thermal insulation and lightweight properties of the PN composites, while a low fiber volume fraction would result in poor stiffness and thermal dimensional stability. Determined via TOPSIS model, a fiber volume fraction range of 50%–60% was ideal for both composites with comprehensive optimal properties, respectively.

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The influence of phthalonitrile monomer containing oxazine ring on the properties of epoxy/amine system: Curing behavior and thermal stability

Chen,

Peng,

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Phthalonitrile monomer containing oxazine ring (BPS‐Ph) was synthesized using bisphenol‐S, aniline, paraformaldehyde, and 4‐nitrophthalonitrile via a two‐step method. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data of the curing process of BPS‐Ph monomer indicates that the peak polymerization temperature of the cyan group is about 250°C and that confirms the promoting effect of oxazine ring on the curing reaction of phthalonitrile. The rheological data of E51/DDS containing BPS‐Ph indicates that the BPS‐Ph monomer also has promoting effect on the curing process. The activation energy was studied via the iso‐conversional method principle. The activation energy corresponding to the E51/DDS crosslinking reaction is 75.79 and 60.54 kJ mol−1, respectively, for pure E51/DDS and E51/DDS/BPS‐Ph. Moreover, the activation energy of the crosslinking of phthalhydrazine is 74.1 kJ mol−1 which is rather lower than that in pure BPS‐Ph, and that implies the synergistically catalytic effect of the oxazine ring and the amine. The addition of BPS‐Ph monomer significantly improves the thermal behaviors of the thermoset. The char yield in N2 atmosphere increased from 15.6% to 53.9% when adding 30% BPS‐Ph to the E51/DDS. Moreover, the peak weight loss temperature decreased from 407 to 385°C. The phase separation size of poly‐BPS‐Ph in E51/DDS is about tens to hundreds nanometers according to the atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase diagram. It is indicated that incorporation of phthalonitrile monomer containing oxazine ring into epoxy/amine system is an applicable and effective way to promote the thermal behavior of the thermoset.

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Synthesis, curing and thermal properties of the low melting point phthalonitrile resins containing glycidyl groups

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Advanced Biomimetic Soybean Meal-Based Adhesive with High Strength and Toughness

Advanced Biomimetic Soybean Meal-Based Adhesive with High Strength and Toughness

Optimizing the thermal properties of fiber reinforced phthalonitrile composites

The influence of phthalonitrile monomer containing oxazine ring on the properties of epoxy/amine system: Curing behavior and thermal stability

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