Synthesis, DNA interaction and photocleavage studies of ruthenium(II) complexes with 2-(pyrrole) imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline as an intercalative ligand

Abstract

Three Ru(II) complexes, namely [Ru(bipy) 2-PRIP] 2? (1), [Ru(dmb) 2 PRIP] 2? (2), and [Ru(phen) 2 PRIP] 2?(3) (dmb = 4,4 0 -dimethyl-2,2 0 -bipyridine; PRIP = 2-(pyrrole) imidazo [4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectra, IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. The DNA-binding properties of the three complexes with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated by spectrophotometry, fluorescence methods and viscosity measurements. The results suggest that all three complexes bind to CT-DNA through intercalation. Also, when irradiated at 365 nm, the three complexes promote the photocleavage of plasmid pBR-322 DNA. Under comparable experimental conditions, complex 3 cleaves DNA more effectively than complexes 1 and 2.

DNA Cleavage, Cytotoxic Activities, and Antimicrobial Studies of Ternary Copper(II) Complexes of Isoxazole Schiff Base and Heterocyclic Compounds

“…If scission occurs on one strand (nicking), the supercoil will relax to generate a slower-moving open circular form (Form-II). If both strands were cleaved, a linear form (Form-III) that migrates between Form-I and Form-II will be generated [ 50 ]. The cleavage effect upon irradiation of the plasmid pBR322 DNA in the presence of different concentrations of complexes 1 and 2 has been tested and is shown in Figure 6(b) : Lane 1 DNA alone, Lanes 2–4 DNA + complex ( 1 ), and Lanes 6–8 DNA + complex ( 2 ) with increasing concentration (40 μ M, 80 μ M, and 120 μ M) of complex.…”

DNA Interactions and Antiproliferative Activity Studies of Octahedral Nickel Complexes of Two Extended Phenanthrolines

“…[52][53][54] Metal complexes of DNA-intercalating polypyridyl ligands with an extended π-conjugation of imidazo [4,5-f] [1,10]phenanthroline derivatives at 2-position containing substituted benzene, naphthalene or larger rings and a number of heterocyclic ring systems (Figure 1) are still popular for DNA-targeted cancer therapy, DNA condensation for gene therapy and DNA sensing through fluorescence. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16]23,24,[26][27][28]37,40,[42][43][44][45][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] BTD containing chromophores (Figure 2) have received some interest in recent years, especially in the ...…”

Synthesis, Characterization and DNA Binding Studies of [Ruthenium(II)(bpy)2L]2+ where L are Derivatives of imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthrolines

“…In particular, ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes have attracted wide attention attributable to the usefulness in many fields of applications such as catalysis (Kunz et al 2012;Małecki et al 2013), sensors (Gao et al 2012;Yang et al 2010), liquid crystals (Cardinaels et al 2009) and DNA binding (Jing et al 2004;Kumar et al 2010;Li et al 2011;Liu et al 2010aLiu et al , 2010bZhang et al 2004). The studies on the binding of Ru(II) complexes with DNA have become prominent recently, investigating the binding mode either reversible or non-covalent.…”

“…The studies on the binding of Ru(II) complexes with DNA have become prominent recently, investigating the binding mode either reversible or non-covalent. Numerous reports have been published on the DNA binding of metal complexes with bipyridyl ligands (Kumar et al 2010;Narra et al 2006;Xiong & Ji 1999) and significant effect on the spectral and DNA binding behaviour of the complexes were observed through varying the ancillary ligands of metal complexes (Liu et al 2001;Xu et al 2003).…”

“…The benefits of using Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes in drug development are such that dependable routes to prepare the complexes, enhancement of selectivity by functionalization of the ligands and promising candidates suitable for medicinal applications (Kumar et al 2010). Besides that, Ru(II) complexes generally acquire a ligand which coordinate metal ions through two coordination sites, which is Ru(II) metal centre and other metal centre.…”